Effects of formalin on total haemocytes count and histopathological changes in the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Pérez‐Farfante & Kensley 1997)

Formalin is used in shrimp industry to eliminate ectoparasites and as a disinfectant. However, the effect of formalin on shrimp's defense mechanism is unknown. Several biomarkers were used to assess the immune response of juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti exposed to different concentrations of formalin (10, 25 and 50 mg L^?1) during 24 and 48 h. Formalin concentrations of 25 and 50 mg L^?1 produced a significant reduction in the total haemocyte count at both 24 and 48 h. Peroxidase and phenoloxidase activity did not show variations. The total protein concentration in haemolymph of shrimps was not significantly different between experimental groups. Histological analysis showed hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed at 10 mg L^?1 for 24 h; however, the exposure at 25 and 50 mg L^?1 caused necrosis in gills, hepathopancreas and the antennal gland.     

Effects of stocking density on haematological parameters,growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles

The influence of stocking density (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg m^?2) was investigated on haematological parameters, growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles for a period of 8 weeks. The mean weight of fish at the start of trial was 93.13±1.04 g. After 8 weeks of rearing, the mean weight was 362.4, 319.7, 267, 242.1 and 211.1 in densities 1–8 kg m^?2 respectively. The results of this study showed that growth parameters, including condition factor, weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and body weight increase, had a statistically significant difference among treatments (P<0.05). A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in haematocrit, but the other haematological parameters, including red blood cells, white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and differential WBC count, showed no significant effect with stocking density (P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, stocking density had no significant effect on plasma cortisol and glucose concentration. The fin length (dorsal, anal, ventral, pectoral and caudal) of fish was measured to calculate the fin index. According to this index, dorsal, anal, ventral and pectoral fins showed no significant difference among treatments (P>0.05), but the erosion of the caudal fin was significantly different between fish held on 6 and 8 kg m^?2 (P<0.05). These results showed that rearing density has a major effect on the growth indices of H. huso. Unlike many other fish, great sturgeon exhibited lower stress responses to high stocking density. This indicates that they are more tolerable to rearing conditions in high stocking densities. With respect to the various effects that density causes on growth, fin erosion and physiological and haematological parameters, better understanding of these phenomena considering different levels of density could have a beneficial impact on many rearing steps of this species.     

半根供铁对苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响

利用分根技术在水培条件下研究了半根供铁对苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,一半根系供铁不仅未影响植株对铁营养的需求,甚至在处理初期植株的铁吸收总量和铁吸收速率还略有提高。一半根系供铁苹果砧木小金海堂和山定子叶片活性铁质量分数均未降低,而且与对照相比无叶片黄化的现象。因此,通过半根供铁的方式来改善苹果砧木幼苗的生长,为进一步研究砧木缺铁适应性反应的调控部位打下基础,也为今后缺铁的矫正和提高铁素利用效率提供了一条新的思路。     

双通道五味子打浆机三维CAD设计与应用

打浆机是五味子提取原汁的主要设备。应用三维CAD软件Solid Works的自顶而下的方法结合零件设计完成整个设计过程,并在现场试用20天效果良好。设计过程包括主体结构组成、主要参数的确定和计算、装配图设计及干涉分析和间隙分析、打浆主轴的三维CAE应力分析和运动分析等。     

干旱胁迫对枣树叶片生理的影响

以盆栽2年生蒙山脆枣和沾化冬枣为试材,研究了不同干旱胁迫程度对叶片水分饱和亏、叶片保水力、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性、甜菜碱含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明:尽管品种间的变化存在差异,但随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,两品种的叶片保水力呈下降趋势,水分饱和亏、Pro含量、甜菜碱含量呈增加趋势,SOD、POD活性呈先升高后下降趋势;高含量的甜菜碱有利于枣叶片保持较高的水分含量,甜菜碱、Pro含量与枣品种的抗旱性存在一定的正相关关系,可以作为枣品种抗旱性鉴定的指标。     

低磷胁迫对不同水稻品种叶片膜脂过氧化及保护酶

利用砂培方法,研究了耐低磷水稻品种（大粒稻、莲塘早3号）和低磷敏感水稻品种（沪占七、新三百粒）在低磷胁迫下,水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的变化。研究结果表明,低磷胁迫使水稻叶片膜脂过氧化加剧,低磷敏感水稻品种的叶片膜脂过氧化程度高于耐低磷水稻品种;耐低磷品种叶片中SOD、CAT和POD活性在低磷胁迫期间相对稳定,而低磷敏感品种在低磷胁迫初期均有明显增加,尔后又快速下降,这表明保护酶的绝对活性与低磷胁迫无关,而变化趋势与低磷胁迫有关。     

‘云香’水仙NtNAC1基因的克隆及功能分析

本研究利用RT-PCR技术从‘云香’水仙的根中克隆得到了NtNAC1基因,并通过qRT-PCR技术分析了该基因的时空表达模式以及在逆境和逆境相关激素处理下的表达变化,结合分析过表达该基因的转基因烟草植株的表现等解析了该基因的功能。结果显示:NtNAC1基因全长1083 bp,其ORF为918 bp,编码306个氨基酸,N端含有NAM保守结构域,聚分在SNAC1亚组,与香蕉MusaSNAC1、小麦TaNAC47亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量分析显示,NtNAC1的表达水平随花器官花瓣和副冠的发育呈先上升后下降趋势,始花期达到峰值;NtNAC1在根和叶中高表达,受ABA、MeJA、SA、H_2O_2、NaCl、PEG诱导上调,推测该基因可能参与‘云香’水仙花器官的形态建成及响应非生物胁迫。进一步构建表达载体转化烟草,获得9株转基因植株。在高盐和干旱胁迫处理下,转基因植株根系发达、长势更好、存活率高,表明水仙NtNAC1过表达能提高烟草对高盐、干旱的耐受性,在抗逆中起正向调控作用,可作为提高水仙抗性的优良遗传基因资源。     

高温胁迫下油菜素内酯对水稻幼苗的保护作用

以两个籼稻材料082（耐热型）和协青早B（热敏型）为研究对象探讨高温胁迫下油菜素内酯（BR）对水稻秧苗的保护作用。在苗期进行高温和喷施BR处理,观察高温胁迫下BR对叶绿素、蛋白质和MDA含量、电解质外渗率和保护酶（SOD、POD）活性及其同工酶表达等的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,喷施BR能明显提高热敏型材料协青早B的叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量,增加SOD和POD活性,降低叶片MDA含量和电解质外渗率,但对耐热型材料082的影响相对较小。经BR处理后两个材料的POD同工酶谱带表达均明显增强。在高温胁迫下,BR处理减弱了耐热材料082的4条SOD同工酶谱带的表达,但明显增强了热敏感材料协青早B的A、B两同工酶谱带的表达,表明BR能够增强稻苗内活性氧保护酶系统的活性或诱导其表达,能有效减轻高温对秧苗的伤害。BR处理后稻苗对高温的应答机制,在温敏性不同的材料间存在差异。     

富含多糖甜玉米幼穗RNA提取及高温胁迫基因表达分析

以改良Trizol试剂法从富含多糖的甜玉米幼穗中提取高质量、完整的总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR对高温胁迫下粤甜13雌穗发育的8个差异表达基因进行分析。结果表明,8个基因分为上调表达和下调表达,实时荧光定量PCR和测序法基因表达谱检测的基因上调或下调表达的趋势一致,上调表达基因ZM2G058057和下调表达基因ZM2G059964、ZM2G044670相对表达量较高,可能在高温胁迫影响甜玉米幼雌穗发育过程中起更重要的作用。     

孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地水稻干物质生产的影响

以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。