Effect of sorbitol on moisture transportation and textural change of fish and squid meats during curing and drying processes

SUMMARY: Atka mackerel (Am) and Japanese common squid (Sq) meats were cured in 0.5–1.5 M sorbitol solutions (pH 7.0) and dried at 30°C (relative humidity, 60%), and the effect of sorbitol on the moisture transportation and textural change during the curing and drying processes was investigated. With an increase in sorbitol permeated through samples, the moisture contents decreased by 52% (Am) and 42% (Sq) by curing in 1.5 M sorbitol solution. When the cured meats were dried, slow moisture vaporization occurred at the initial drying period, and the critical moisture content significantly decreased with an increase in the sorbitol content of the cured meats. Further, the hardening of the dried products was effectively suppressed by sorbitol curing. These effects of sorbitol would contribute to the reduction of drying time and particularly the elimination of the excess hardening of dried fish products.     

加米霉素注射液特殊安全性试验研究

通过豚鼠、大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察加米霉素注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔8只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为加米霉素注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:150 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔24只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入6、12、30 mg/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成血细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物加米霉素注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明加米霉素注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。     

干扰lnc4351对牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖与成肌分化的影响

为探究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)对牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖及分化的影响,本研究以牛骨骼肌卫星细胞及已建立的体外成肌诱导分化模型为基础,以前期高通量测序获得的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞分化前后表达差异倍数较大的一个预测lncRNA为靶标,对其进行生物信息学分析及亚细胞定位,命名为lnc4351。设计合成lnc4351的siRNA,转染牛骨骼肌卫星细胞,采用EdU染色的方法检测干扰lnc4351对细胞增殖的影响;对转染siRNA的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞进行体外成肌诱导分化,观察肌管的形成状态,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测分化标志因子MyoG和MHC基因的mRNA及蛋白水平的表达变化,研究干扰lnc4351对细胞分化的影响。结果显示,lnc4351位于牛的14号染色体,不具有蛋白编码潜能,是一个未报道过的lncRNA,在牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的细胞质和细胞核内均有分布,主要存在于细胞核;干扰lnc4351表达后,EdU阳性细胞比率显著下降(P<0.05),说明下调lnc4351表达显著抑制了牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖;下调lnc4351表达后肌卫星细胞经诱导分化产生的肌管量呈现增多趋势,分化标志因子MyoG和MHC的蛋白水平显著或极显著上调(P<0.05;P<0.01),说明干扰lnc4351能够促进牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的成肌分化过程。本研究结果表明,干扰lnc4351表达可以抑制牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖并促进其成肌分化过程,为进一步开展lncRNA对牛骨骼肌发育的调控机制及肌肉发育相关研究提供参考。     

半胱胺对肉仔鸡胴体品质的影响研究

将324只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡随机分成6组,在其基础日粮中分别添加0、406、0、80、1001、20 mg/kg的半胱胺,饲喂7周。结果表明:添加100 mg/kg半胱胺显著提高了肉仔鸡的屠宰率4.1%(P<0.05)和胸肌率12.4%(P<0.01),并且降低了肉仔鸡的腹脂率31.6%(P<0.05),但对腿肌率影响不显著(P>0.05)。日粮中添加100 mg/kg半胱胺是改善肉仔鸡胴体品质的最适添加剂量。     

人工养殖宽体沙鳅亲鱼肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为了探究人工养殖条件下宽体沙鳅(Sinibotia reevesae)亲鱼的肌肉营养组成,为其营养学研究提供基础资料。采用常规分析的方法,测定了30尾人工养殖宽体沙鳅亲鱼的肌肉营养成分,并对其营养价值进行了综合评价。结果表明,人工养殖宽体沙鳅亲鱼肌肉中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的含量分别为(75.24±2.25)%、(1.15±0.01)%、(19.32±0.33)%和(6.60±0.59)%;肌肉中共检测出18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量占肌肉干重的(76.42±0.62)%,必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量(WEAA/WTAA)为39.96%,必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量(WEAA/WNEAA)为66.55%。氨基酸中以鲜味特征氨基酸谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量最高。8种必需氨基酸中,赖氨酸含量最高,为4.54 mg/g,必需氨基酸指数为63.94。共测得脂肪酸20种,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为(20.99±0.02)%,EPA和DHA总含量为(3.54±0.04)%。人工养殖宽体沙鳅亲鱼营养丰富均衡,具有较高的食用价值。     

秦川牛心肌渣辅酶Q10的萃取方法研究

为综合利用资源,以提取细胞色素C后的秦川牛心肌渣为原料,采用醇碱皂化,石油醚萃取,硅胶柱层析,无水乙醇重结晶得到CoQ10。研究结果表明,醇碱皂化适宜温度为90℃,皂化时间为30min,萃取2次。经薄层层析样品仅有一个斑点,Rf=0.56（a=7.5 cm,c=13.5 cm）,样品与标准CoQ10的紫外吸收光谱相同,在275nm处有最大吸收峰,定量测定样品的纯度为91.2%。从牛心肌渣萃取CoQ10的方法是可行的。     

Lipid content and fatty acid composition of muscle,liver, ovary and eggs of captive-reared and wild silver Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis> during artificial maturation

ABSTRACT:   Changes in lipid content and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver and ovary of captive-reared and wild silver Japanese eel Anguilla japonica were examined during artificial maturation induced by salmon pituitary homogenate (SPH) injections. Although the relative levels of n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in liver and ovary were higher than in muscle in both captive and wild silver eels before SPH injection, these tended to decrease with maturation. The relative levels of n-6 HUFA in muscle, liver, ovary and eggs of wild silver eels were remarkably higher than those in captive eels. Therefore, we attempted to alter the ratio of n-6 HUFA in eggs by feeding eels a diet supplemented with linoleic acid-rich plant oil. Although the percentage of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids in eggs of eels fed the supplemented diet was similar to wild silver eels, the percentage of n-6 HUFA remained remarkably lower than in wild silver eels. Hence, it appears that the supplemented diet affected the fatty acid composition of eggs, but did not result in much conversion of linoleic acid to its higher homologs in eels.     

Histopathological nerve and skeletal muscle changes in rats subjected to persistent insulin-induced hypoglycemia

New insulin analogues with a longer duration of action and a flatter pharmacodynamic profile are developed to improve convenience and safety for diabetic patients. During the nonclinical development of such analogues, safety studies must be conducted in nondiabetic rats, which consequently are rendered chronically hypoglycemic. A rat comparator model using human insulin would be valuable, as it would enable differentiation between effects related to either persistent insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) or a new analogue per se. Such a model could alleviate the need for an in-study-comparator and thereby reduce the number of animals used during development. Thus, the aims of the present study were i) to develop a preclinical animal model of persistent hypoglycemia in rats using human insulin infusion for four weeks and ii) to investigate histopathological changes in sciatic nerves and quadriceps femoris muscle tissue, as little is known about the response to persistent hypoglycemia in these tissues. Histopathologic changes in insulin-infused animals included axonal degeneration and myofibre degeneration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that persistent IIH provokes peripheral nerve and skeletal myofiber degeneration within the same animals. This suggests that the model can serve as a nonclinical comparator model during development of long-acting insulin analogues.     

牛MyoG基因启动子的克隆及功能的初步分析

本研究旨在比较日本和牛MyoG基因的不同长度片段启动子的活性强弱并初步探讨其中的机制。根据GenBank已公布的牛MyoG基因的启动子序列,设计特异性PCR引物扩增日本和牛MyoG基因的一系列启动子缺失序列,构建重组克隆载体pMD18-T-MyoGpro,对阳性克隆进行限制性酶切鉴定、测序及生物信息学分析,进而构建一系列启动子缺失片段的pGL3-MyoGpro双荧光素酶表达载体,转染牛肌源干细胞(MDSCs)和牛胎儿成纤维细胞,并进行双报告基因活性检测。结果表明,日本和牛MyoG基因的166～2 125bp启动子都能不同程度的启动双荧光素酶报告基因在牛肌源干细胞中的表达,且具有肌肉特异性。通过生物信息学分析得知日本和牛MyoG启动子序列中有1个TATA盒,15个E-box,并可能含有MyoD、MEF2、MEF3、MTBF、TEF1、PRDF、Sp1、多个SRF、ERE、GRE及多个Oct-1等转录因子调控结合位点,本试验通过比较不同长度启动子片段的活性并结合对上述转录因子的分析,认为这些转录因子可能对启动子活性起着重要的调控作用。对牛MyoG基因启动子的克隆与功能和序列分析为进一步研究MyoG基因的表达调控奠定了基础。