松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间的研究

纸层析法对松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间作了研究，结果表明：室温２０℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放３小时左右，肌苷酸含量达到了最高值为６．３２６±０．１２μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为９小时。冷冻－１８℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放１０天，肌苷酸含量达到了峰值为５．９３１±０．１３μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为２０天。     

Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos) Peel from Waste as an Aquaculture Feed Supplement on Growth,Environmental Load,and Dark Muscle Discoloration in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing.     

赛里木湖高白鲑和凹目白鲑肌肉、卵的营养分析评价

2003年作对赛里木湖高白鲑和凹日白鲑肌肉、卵的营养成分进行测定。结果表明：高白鲑和凹目白鲑肌肉蛋白质含量分别为18．83％和19．78％(鲜重)；肌肉脂肪含量分别为13．75％和10．40％；氨基酸总量分别为17．48％和17．71％，其中必需氨基酸含量分别为9．16％和9．24％，占氨基酸总量的52．40％和52．17％；高度不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的16．08％和22．73％。高白鲑和凹目白鲑卵的蛋白质含量分别为24．16％和24．48％。     

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in a species complex of stream‐resident galaxiids

Fish differentially provision resources to eggs and larvae to optimise survival during the critical early life‐history period. Resource allocation is limited by a trade‐off between egg size and fecundity, and the optimal strategy varies with habitat type. This study examines the consequences of egg size differences for the early life‐histories of four closely related galaxiid species which occur in contrasting habitat types on the South Island, New Zealand. Headwater species had substantially larger water‐hardened eggs, longer incubation times, and newly hatched larvae were on average up to 41% longer than lower catchment species. Significant interspecific differences in gape diameter, eye diameter and myomere depth were also observed. Swimming ability was positively associated with larval length at hatch. Interspecific differences in length and swimming ability were generally maintained throughout the larval period, despite larvae being reared under relatively benign conditions where many other studies suggest initial differences should disappear. These results demonstrate the consequences of differential maternal provisioning to the egg for larval traits. The larger larvae of headwater species are likely to be more resistant to starvation and have improved foraging ability compared to lower catchment species; traits which are likely to confer them survival advantages in the low productivity, food‐scarce environments they occupy. The smaller larvae of lower catchment species are likely to be a consequence of females investing in fecundity in these relatively resource‐rich streams.     

不同植物油对大规格吉富罗非鱼生长性能、组织脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在探究大规格吉富罗非鱼(GIFT)对不同植物油的利用效果,筛选出大规格吉富罗非鱼饲料中合适的植物脂肪源。分别以大豆油(SO)、棕榈油(PO)、棉籽油(CO)、菜籽油(RO)、磷脂油(SL)和大豆油∶棕榈油∶棉籽油∶菜籽油∶磷脂油=1∶1∶1∶1∶1的混合油(MIX)为脂肪源配制6种等氮等脂的试验饲料,饲喂初始体重为(229.92±0.31)g的吉富罗非鱼8周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养50尾。结果表明:对于增重率和特定生长率,棉籽油组和混合油组显著低于菜籽油组(P0.05)。菜籽油组饲料系数显著低于混合油组(P0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。混合油组蛋白质效率显著低于菜籽油组和磷脂油组(P0.05)。混合油组肝体指数显著高于棕榈油组和菜籽油组(P0.05)。大豆油组、菜籽油组、棕榈油组和磷脂油组在增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数方面没有显著差异(P0.05)。大豆油组和菜籽油组肌肉饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。对于肌肉中n-3系脂肪酸/n-6系脂肪酸,菜籽油组显著高于其他各组(P0.05),棉籽油显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。棉籽油组肝脏饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),菜籽油组则显著低于其他各组(P0.05);对于肝脏n-3/n-6,菜籽油组显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。各组肌肉脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成的相关系数均高于肝脏脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成的相关系数。在饲料脂肪酸组成与肌肉或肝脏脂肪酸组成的相关系数中,均以棕榈油组最大,磷脂油组最小。由此得出,大豆油、棕榈油、菜籽油和磷脂油可以作为大规格吉富罗非鱼(体重为230~790 g)饲料中良好的脂肪源。大规格吉富罗非鱼肌肉中脂肪酸组成一定程度上被饲料脂肪酸组成影响,但肝脏脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成的相关性较小。     

Kruppel样因子15对脂肪沉积和肌纤维类型的影响及其可能机制

Kruppel样因子15(KLF15)是一种新发现的Kruppel样因子家族(KLFs)成员,为一种真核锌指蛋白转录因子。KLF15在动物体内呈现多组织表达特性,该基因过表达能促进动物脂肪沉积,且能影响肉质性状候选基因和Ⅰ型肌纤维基因的表达。因此,深入研究KLF15对脂肪沉积和肌纤维类型的影响及其可能机制,将为改善动物肉品质提供新的思路。本文综述了KLF15的发现、结构特征、表达规律及其与脂肪沉积和Ⅰ型肌纤维之间的关系。     

Oral administration of β-alanine modifies carnosine concentrations in the muscles and brains of chickens

Carnosine, and its derivative anserine, are known to function as anti‐oxidants and putative neurotransmitters. They are especially rich in the breast muscle (Musculus pectoralis superficialis, MPS) of chickens. To clarify whether the concentrations of carnosine and anserine are altered by dietary management, the effect of oral administration of their constituent, β‐alanine (β‐Ala), was determined in the MPS and brains of chickens. Birds were orally administered β‐Ala (22 mmol/kg) twice a day for five consecutive days (from 2 to 6 days old). In the MPS, carnosine was increased by β‐Ala, whereas anserine and taurine were decreased. The concentrations of other free amino acids in the MPS were also modified by β‐Ala. In the brain, the oral administration of β‐Ala increased anserine and carnosine and decreased taurine, but caused no changes to other free amino acid concentrations. These results suggest that orally administered β‐Ala increases carnosine concentrations in both the MPS and brains of chickens. However, the effects of β‐Ala on other concentrations differ depending on the tissues.