日粮阴阳离子水平对围产期奶水牛泌乳性能的影响

本试验研究了日粮阴阳离子(DCAD)水平对围产期的泌乳水牛采食量、尿液pH值、泌乳初期泌乳性能的影响。选择32头2胎以上、品种、上期泌乳量、健康体况相似的处于围产期的泌乳水牛,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂DCAD水平为+139.89、+54.22、-29.11和-110.21mmoL/kg的4种日粮进行试验,试验期为产前21 d开始至产后30 d。结果表明:随着日粮DCAD水平的降低,各组间试验水牛干物质采食量无显著差异,尿液pH值随之显著降低。各组产奶量无显著差异,但可提高水牛产后泌乳量2.50%～4.86%,极显著降低水牛乳体细胞数(P<0.01);乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率均有显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳水牛日粮适宜DCAD水平为-110.21 mmoL/kg左右。     

Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Regimen of Enrofloxacin in Buffalo Bulls after Intramuscular Administration

The disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of enrofloxacin were investigated in breeding buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of 5 mg/kg. The absorption half-life, half-life of the terminal phase, apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.262±0.099 h, 1.97±0.23 h, 0.61±0.13 L/kg and 210.2±18.6 ml/(kg.h), respectively. Therapeutic plasma levels (1 g/ml) were maintained for up to 6 h. A satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for enrofloxacin in buffalo bulls would be 8.5 mg/kg followed by 8.0 mg/kg at 8 h intervals.     

An Outbreak of Gangrenous Syndrome among Buffaloes and Cattle in West Bengal: Clinicopathological Studies

Gangrenous syndrome/Degnala disease was recorded in a large number of buffaloes and cattle in Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India. Fusarium spp. had been isolated from the mouldy paddy straw which were fed to the animals. There was a reduction in the incidence of the disease following withdrawal of the mouldy paddy straw. Histopathological examination showed necrosis and loss of architectural details in the skin.     

Detection of an Ehrlichia bovis-like Organism in Cultured Buffalo Monocytes

Monocytes from a buffalo were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium following separation of plasma by the erythrocyte sedimentation technique and subsequent separation of mononuclear cells by density gradient centrifugation. Growth of an organism considered to be Ehrlichia bovis was noticed in the cultured monocytes after 10 days. The inclusions were considered to be those of E. bovis from their morphology, staining characteristics and growth characteristics in culture, and by indirect immunofluorescence examination with an anti-E. canis serum. The utility of peripheral blood monocyte cultures opens the possibility of diagnosing the carrier status of ehrlichiosis in animals.     

水牛卵母细胞去核方法的比较

水牛卵母细胞体外成熟22h后，分别用盲吸法、点击法和纺锤体成像系统（Spindle—View System）去核。结果，三者的去核率分别为65．1％、81．8％和95．0％，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。以水牛胎儿成纤维细胞为供体，通过核移植构建的重构胚的融合率、分裂率和囊胚发育率，在上述3种方法之间均没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。认为点击法是一种较为简单、实用和有效的去核方法。     

不同细胞因子对水牛原始生殖细胞传代培养的影响

为探讨不同细胞因子对水牛原始生殖细胞（PGCs）传代培养的影响，将PGCs分别采用A、B、C、D、E、F和G共7种培养基进行培养，即A组：基础液＋10ng／mL白血病抑制因子（LIF）＋10ng／mL碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）；B组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋20ng／mL bFGF；C组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋10ng／mL bFGF；D组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF；E组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋20ng／mL bFGF＋20ng／mL干细胞因子（SCF）；F组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋40ng／mL bFGF＋40ng／mL SCF；G组（对照组）：基础液。将机械法分离的PGCs小集落接种到水牛胎儿成纤维细胞（BEF）饲养层上进行传代培养。结果，原代时，A、B、C、D、E和F组的克隆数目都显著高于对照组（P％0．05），其中E和F组的克隆数目显著高于A组（P〈0．05），而与B、C、D组差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；1～8代时，B、C、D、E、F组的克隆数目显著高于A组（P〈0．05）；对照组传代数仅为2代，A组为5代，而B、C、D、E和F组均为8代以上。结果表明，在传代过程中，LIF起主要作用，20ng／mL的LIF浓度可以满足水牛PGCs传代培养的需要。     

Effects of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) hay feeding on dry matter intake and milk production of Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) fed rice straw ad libitum

To identify the effects of field pea hay (FPH) as a supplement of rice straw (RS) on feed intake and milk production of mid‐late lactation buffaloes in Tarai, Nepal, nine multiparous Murrah were fed a concentrate at 0.6% of their bodyweight (BW) on a concentrate dry matter (DM) basis daily while having ad libitum access to RS. The buffaloes were divided into three groups, and the experiment with three levels of FPH feeding was conducted at the following rate of BW: 0% (T1), 0.5% (T2) and 1.0% (T3) on an FPH DM basis. The DM intake (DMI) was higher in T2 and T3 than in T1. As the amount of FPH was raised, the BW change, crude protein intake (CPI) and total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI) was increased. Although the yield of milk and milk composition did not differ among the treatments, the 7% fat corrected milk yield (FCMY) tended to increase as FPH feeding amount was raised. Although there were no significant differences in FCMY/DMI and FCMY/TDNI among the treatments, FCMY/CPI decreased with FPH feeding. Supplementary FPH increased DMI, CPI and TDNI that might have raised BW, and tended to improve FCMY in mid‐late lactating buffaloes as a result of an increase in TDNI.     

摩本杂F1奶水牛泌乳性能研究

在昆明小哨开展摩本杂F₁水牛的泌乳性能测定，结果表明该杂交牛的泌乳期相对较长,少数个体可长达370 d以上,一般平均为292±45.5 d；一个泌乳期的正常泌乳量平均为2015.38 kg(1761.25~2299.54 kg),平均日产乳量6.39 kg。     

Effects of species and sex on plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations in crossbred Brahman cattle and crossbred water buffalo

Buffalo meat is tasty and indistinguishable from beef, and has been described as being lean and low in cholesterol in comparison with beef. However, little is known about the plasma hormone and metabolic profiles related to fat metabolism in buffalo, and how their levels are affected by species and sex. In this study levels of plasma hormones and metabolites were compared between species and sexes. Ten growing crossbred Brahman cattle and ten growing crossbred buffaloes (five males and five females in each), with an average age of 22 months were used. The animals were fed on an experimental diet composed of corn silage, brewer's spent grain and a concentrate mixture at a 50:30:20 ratio on a dry matter basis during a fattening period of 6 months. Blood samples were collected every month during the experiment, and were analysed for plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. Plasma leptin, insulin and TC concentrations increased during fattening and were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cattle than in buffaloes. These concentrations in cattle showed a big difference between sexes in comparison with buffaloes, and were higher in females than in males. The plasma glucose and TG concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) between cattle and buffaloes.

The crude fat content of longissimus muscle was significantly higher in cattle than in buffalo. Differences in body fat deposition seem to have an influence on plasma leptin, insulin and TC concentrations differently between cattle and buffaloes.     

向海尖底泡沼泽沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义

以吉林省向海自然保护区尖底泡沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过210Pb,137Cs建立高分辨率年代序列,并结合沉积物粒度指标,分析沉积物粒度与磁化率变化的相关性,对向海近几百年的环境变化进行探讨.结果表明:历史时期内陆沼泽沉积物频率磁化率反映的向海气候变化可划分3个阶段,并与粒度的分析结果基本一致.沼泽沉积物磁化率可以作为恢复历史时期环境变化的指标之一.