蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征的病因研究进展

蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)是一种代谢性疾病,营养、内分泌、遗传和环境等因素都可影响其发生。日粮中能量过高或蛋白不足是诱发FLHS的主要因素,能量、蛋白来源也影响FLHS的发生。日粮中脂肪酸来源影响FLHS的发生,动物性脂肪较易引起FLHS,适量添加植物油可降低肝脏脂肪含量。雌激素水平升高可引起肝脏脂肪含量增加,与FLHS存在一定的量效关系。甲状腺素和孕酮可降低肝脏脂肪含量,防止出血发生。FLHS易感品系UCD-3蛋鸡肯定了遗传因素对该病的影响。空间不充足或必要活动受限制,导致能量过剩是FLHS发生的重要诱因。肝脏脂肪沉积并不总是引起肝脏出血,脂质过氧化物分解生成大量脂质自由基引起细胞损伤,可能是肝脏脂肪含量升高导致出血的分子机制。     

对3个桑品种生理生态特征的比较研究

研究了湖桑32号、农桑14号和丰田2号等3个桑树品种的光合特征及叶绿素的部分参数。3个品种的光补偿点为3.58～50.10μmol/(m2.s),表观量子效率为0.022～0.051,湖桑32号>农桑14号>丰田2号;光饱和点为1 436.78～1 571.43μmol/(m2.s),丰田2号>农桑14号>湖桑32号;CO2补偿点为62.87～103.40μmol/mol,CO2饱和点为921.88～1 055.56μmol/mol,其中,湖桑32号的CO2补偿点和饱和点、羧化效率及二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶的最大再生速率(Pmax)均较显著高于其它两个品种;叶绿素相对含量丰田2号>农桑14号>湖桑32号,表明丰田2号单位叶面叶绿体数量较多,具有相对较大的光合潜力;光化学效率和光合电子传递效率分别为0.746 2～0.801 8、1.58～3.43,其中丰田2号的叶绿素荧光参数值显著高于其它2个品种,具有一定光适应和抗逆性能力。     

禽肉嫩度检测方法的探讨

针对目前禽肉品质检测中嫩度测定方法的多元化和检测数据的不可比性,就检测方法、采样方法以及影响检测结果的诸多因素进行一系列对比试验,结果发现熟样比生样检测结果要稳定,取样的准确性和剪切方向对检测结果影响显著.     

饲料安全隐患及对策

饲料安全与食品安全密切相关.近年来,由饲料安全问题引发的食品安全事件屡见报道.笔者就影响饲料安全的主要问题进行了剖析,并提出改进措施.     

Bright artificial light at night is associated with increased body mass,poor reproductive success and compromised disease tolerance in Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Artificial light at night (ALAN) can cause circadian disruption and result in adverse behavioral and ecological effects in free‐living birds, but studies on captive pet birds as companion animals have been infrequent. We studied the effects of exposure to bright ALAN on body mass, melatonin sulfate levels, reproduction and disease severity in Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) kept in captivity. During the experiment, birds were kept under outdoor temperature, humidity and natural photoperiod from September to December. A total of 48 birds were equally split into 4 groups (6 mating pairs each) and concurrently exposed to ALAN of 200 lux with different duration (0, 30, 60 and 90 min). Monthly observations were recorded for all dependent parameters. ALAN exposure increased mass gain and suppressed melatonin levels in a dose‐dependent manner, especially during December. In addition, ALAN exposure in all duration groups decreased egg production and reduced hatchability from 61% ± 14% in the ALAN‐unexposed control group to 0% in the ALAN‐exposed birds. Disease severity was also found to increase in line with the duration of ALAN exposure. In captive M. undulatus, ALAN exposure was demonstrated to affect photoperiodic regulation with subsequent excess mass gain and reproduction impairment, and increased susceptibility to infections plausibly through duration dose‐dependent suppression of melatonin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a possible association between acute bright ALAN of increasing duration and both natural development of infections as well as reproductive cessation in captive birds. Our findings could be used to improve breeding conditions of captive birds.     

Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides from great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Gifu and Shiga Prefectures,Japan

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%) and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P. shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological risk to public health.     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

为了对河南省猪高热综合征发生期间多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的感染有全面了解,从2006-2010年河南省发生猪高热综合征的245家规模化猪场568份病料中分离革兰氏阴性小球杆菌,通过培养特性试验、生化试验和PCR试验分离鉴定到35株。对分离菌进行毒力和药敏试验,结果显示所分离的猪多杀性巴氏杆菌对小鼠均有毒力,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考敏感。     

Susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in equine ulcerative keratitis: Implications for empirical treatment at a university teaching hospital in Sydney

Corneal ulceration is a common ophthalmic condition in horses. It is frequently caused by trauma to the corneal surface, followed by secondary infection by commensal or pathogenic organisms including Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. Emerging antimicrobial resistance amongst these organisms has raised the need for appropriate antimicrobial therapy selection, to optimise treatment efficacy while minimising further antimicrobial resistance. Medical records of 38 horses presented at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden for ulcerative keratitis between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed to identify those with positive bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles (13/38). Common susceptibility patterns were identified and used to guide the empirical treatment of equine bacterial corneal ulcers. Pseudomonas spp. (64.3%), Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (14.3%) and Actinobacillus spp. (14.3%) were most commonly identified. Susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was observed in 100%, 66.7% and 85.7% Pseudomonas spp. isolates respectively. Resistance to polymyxin B and neomycin occurred in 85.7% and 71.4% of Pseudomonas spp., respectively. All Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus organisms in this study were susceptible to ceftiofur, cephalexin, penicillin and ampicillin, while they were all resistant to gentamicin, neomycin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. Predominating in this study, Pseudomonas spp. maintained overall aminoglycoside susceptibility despite some emerging resistance, and good fluoroquinolone susceptibility. High resistance to Polymyxin B could have arisen from its common use as first-line therapy for bacterial corneal ulcers. Although further research is required, these new findings about predominant bacteria in equine corneal ulceration in the Camden region and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can be used to guide the empirical treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers in horses.     

低浓度阿奇霉素对猪链球菌2型蛋白表达、荚膜多糖与药物敏感性的影响

本研究通过探索低浓度阿奇霉素对猪链球菌2型蛋白表达、荚膜多糖与药物敏感性的影响,为进一步研究环境中低浓度抗生素对微生物的影响奠定基础。用低浓度阿奇霉素处理猪链球菌2型,利用蛋白质组学iTRAQ技术,筛选关键差异表达蛋白。同时测定猪链球菌2型的荚膜多糖含量和药物敏感性。结果显示,共鉴定到差异表达蛋白174个,占总鉴定蛋白的11.6%,多数差异表达蛋白参与催化和代谢过程,属于膜蛋白,其中,3个荚膜多糖蛋白、9个ABC转运蛋白、1个50 S核糖体蛋白、1个核糖体RNA甲基转移酶、1个DNA回旋酶上调表达;8个荚膜多糖蛋白、4个50S核糖体蛋白、4个30S核糖体蛋白、1个核糖体RNA甲基转移酶、1个DNA聚合酶IV下调表达。用低浓度阿奇霉素处理猪链球菌2型,发现其对多种抗生素的敏感性降低,存活下来的菌株,恢复正常培养后,药物敏感性恢复。用低浓度阿奇霉素处理猪链球菌2型,荚膜多糖含量也未发生大幅度变化。猪链球菌2型通过改变自身蛋白质组的表达量,以适应低浓度阿奇霉素的选择压力。与低浓度阿奇霉素共存时,猪链球菌2型开启外排泵系统,会增加细菌产生多重耐药的风险。