基于MDT的双翼翻土防漏耕犁的犁体曲面展开

介绍一种基于MDT的犁壁曲面双样板曲线近似展开法，在MDT平台上直接用直线投影法求样板曲线，并直接将正视图投影到三维犁曲面上求各元线实长，减少了计算工作量，具有快捷方便的优点，该方法已用于双翼翻土防漏耕犁的设计，效果良好。     

“层流型”分草曲面用于覆盖免耕播种机的研究

运用流体力学基本原理对分草曲面的工作流场、秸秆覆盖层的连续介质属性，以及曲面用于分草、防堵的机理进行了研究。采用“环槽试验方法”测定秸秆层的“相当粘度”，将分草曲面视为绕流物体，提出“层流型”曲面分草器最具良好的绕流性能，宜用作覆盖免耕播种机的防堵装置。本文并对５种流线的流速变化特征及其绕流特性进行了分析研究，提出抛物线与双曲线最宜用作分草曲面的流线。     

农业机械中型面无键联接技术

论述了型面无键联接的含义及型面联接的DG(等距)型廓形曲线，探讨了型面无键联接曲线的方程；并介绍了型面无键联接在喷粉喷雾机、收割机、拖拉机和摘棉机等农业机械中的应用，提出了在机械传动中实现无键联接的途径。     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

反求工程技术及实例分析

综述了反求工程技术的基本概念、应用领域和技术现状,并给出了反求工程技术在汽车领域的一应用实例。最后,指出了反求工程技术的未来发展方向。     

Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation

The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y^–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 10³ and 460 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 10³ Dfl and 9 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 10³ Dfl and 128 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively.     

Infiltration in surface irrigated swelling soils

Infiltration characteristics for border strip irrigation at two sites with swelling clay soils were examined. Volume infiltrated was calculated from flow onto the field monitored with flow meters; depth of water in the soil estimated from soil samples taken before and after irrigation; and the advance profile which was used to calculate the volume infiltrated with time. Volume infiltrated was compared with volume of cracks before irrigation.Linear advance and observed crack closing supported the hypothesis that infiltration approached zero after about 10 min. Volume of cracks was less than 20% of the volume infiltrated. Wetting front was 3–10 times greater than depth of observed surface cracks. There was no significant correlation between intake opportunity time and depth of infiltration, but elevation irregularities were related to infiltration.     

旋耕刀曲面典型形状的研究

给出了描述旋耕刀曲面形状特征的３个角度参数：滑切角、起土角及偏切角，对比研究了日本典型旋耕刀ＦＴ８０３及Ｙ１５１和我国国家标准旋耕刀ⅡＴ２４５的这３个角度参数值，指出了旋耕刀曲面形状对其耕作性能和功耗的影响。     

提高拖拉机覆盖件模具曲面加工精度的研究

通过拖拉机覆盖件模具的加工,分析了CAM软件在进行覆盖件模具数控程序设计时,影响曲面加工质量的相关因素;从刀具、加工方法、进退刀方式和切削参数等方面介绍了提高曲面加工精度和采取的改进措施。