康泰宁对雏鸡免疫性能及抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究中药康泰宁制剂对雏鸡免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响,试验将120羽京白雏鸡随机分为4组,分别为康泰宁高(1.2%)、中(0.8%)、低(0.4%)中药剂量组和对照组。在28,49日龄时,每组随机抽取6羽雏鸡剖杀,摘取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏称重计算免疫器官指数,测定血清中新城疫(ND)抗体效价,并对血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定。结果表明:康泰宁能显著提高雏鸡免疫器官指数。其中、高剂量组雏鸡新城疫抗体效价显著高于对照组;高剂量组SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照组,MDA含量显著降低。说明中药康泰宁可增强雏鸡免疫功能,并有效提高雏鸡抗氧化能力。     

中华蜜蜂铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因的克隆、序列分析及表达特征

本试验旨在克隆中华蜜蜂铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)基因,探究中华蜜蜂SOD1基因的表达特性.利用巢式PCR技术扩增、克隆及分析中华蜜蜂SOD1基因,采用实时定量PCR检测不同发育时期(3和6日龄幼虫、l和4日龄蛹以及1和7日龄成蜂)、不同部位(成蜂的头、胸和腹)SOD1基因的表达量,探究中华蜜蜂SOD1基因的表达特性.结果显示:克隆获得中华蜜蜂SOD1基因的cDNA全长序列,其cDNA全长631bp(GenBank登录号JN700517),编码152个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为15.65 ku,等电点为6.21,经氨基酸序列比对,与意大利蜜蜂有99％的相似性,与其他典型的昆虫(如果蝇、冈比亚按蚊、斜纹夜蛾,家蚕、熊蜂)也有67％ ～85％的相似性;中华蜜蜂SOD1基因在不同发育时期和部位中均有表达特异性,在6日龄幼虫表达量达到峰值,而在4日龄蛹中最低;头部与腹部表达量显著高于胸部(P＜0.05).本研究成功克隆获得中华蜜蜂SOD1基因,其cDNA全长631 bp,编码152个氨基酸.该基因在中华蜜蜂整个发育时期均有表达,而且不同发育时期以及不同部位的表达量不同.     

中草药添加剂对中华绒螯蟹生长及生化指标的影响

试验以河蟹作为研究对象,在蛋白含量为35%与38%的两种基础饲料中分别添加0.5%的中草药,并监测其生长性能及生化指标。结果显示:蛋白含量为38%的2号基础饲料对河蟹的促生长效果最优,中草药添加组对河蟹的生长性能并无显著性作用,但是添加中草药后,显著提高了河蟹的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并降低了碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。试验结果证实,添加中草药饲料可有效地提高河蟹机体的非特异性及抗氧化水平。     

几种药剂对土壤根结线虫的防效及对番茄根系生理性状的影响

以根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)侵染后的番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)幼苗为试验材料,用无线美、海绿素、毒线丹、阿维菌素处理种植土壤后,测定了番茄根系SOD、POD、相对电导率和MDA含量的变化,从而反映药剂对线虫的防治效果。结果表明,经药剂处理后,番茄根系的SOD活性高于不施药对照,在4种药剂处理中以无线美处理的最高;处理的POD活性均显著高于对照,其中无线美处理值是对照的3倍多;除毒线丹外,其他处理的相对电导率和MDA含量均显著低于对照。番茄种植70 d后,阿维菌素防治根结线虫的效果最好,防效达66.3%。根结线虫侵染番茄后使番茄的生理指标发生了明显变化。     

发芽糙米抗氧化活性在发芽及干燥过程中的变化研究

发芽糙米具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、延缓衰老等保健功能,其中抗氧化活性是其他生物活性的基础。通过测定发芽糙米水提取液清除超氧阴离子活性,研究了发芽糙米在发芽过程及干燥过程中抗氧化活性的变化规律。结果表明,发芽后,抗氧化活性显著增强,在6~18 h,抗氧化活性增加速度很快;但是发芽糙米在干燥过程中其抗氧化活性降低,65℃干燥1.5 h或微波干燥对发芽糙米抗氧化活性破坏较小。     

Effects of Suxiao Jiuxin Pill(速效救心丸)on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats with Experimental Atherosclerosis

Objective:To observe the preventive role of Suxiao Jiuxin Pill (SX 速效救心丸) on atherosclerosis (AS) and to probe into the mechanism in the atherosclerosis rat model.Methods:The AS rat model was esta...     

二氯苯对刚毛藻生理指标的影响

研究不同浓度(1、5、10、15、20 mg/L)的邻二氯苯(1,2-DCB)、间二氯苯(1,3-DCB)、对二氯苯(1,4-DCB)对刚毛藻叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明,随着二氯苯浓度和处理时间的增加,刚毛藻的生理生化指标有不同程度的变化。当二氯苯浓度较低时,刚毛藻叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性增大,POD酶活性、MDA含量减少,表明低浓度的二氯苯可以促进刚毛藻的生长;当二氯苯浓度较高时,刚毛藻叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性减小,POD酶活性、MDA含量增大,表明高浓度的二氯苯抑制刚毛藻的生长。刚毛藻对1,2-DCB和1,4-DCB的耐受力相同,可在浓度低于10 mg/L的二氯苯溶液中正常生长。刚毛藻对1,3-DCB的耐受力最强,可在浓度低于15 mg/L的二氯苯溶液中正常生长。     

连作苎麻的部分生理生态特征及细胞学观察

采用盆栽试验,以中苎一号苎麻为材料,于2010、2011年研究不同连作年限(连作8～10年,A处理;连作4～5年,B处理;未种植过苎麻,对照)土壤栽植苎麻的生理生态及细胞学变化。结果表明:2010年不同处理苎麻的株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部干重差异不明显;2011年A处理二麻、三麻株高显著低于对照,茎粗、地上部干重极显著低于对照,连作障碍明显,障碍始于二麻,三麻收获期连作障碍加重,苎麻地下根系基本腐烂,麻株长到40 cm左右生长基本停滞;不同处理SOD活性和MDA含量在头麻、二麻差异不明显,A处理三麻SOD活性明显低于对照,MDA含量高于对照,植株细胞膜质过氧化作用明显,膜的正常结构和功能受到损伤,从而表现出障碍效应。连作4~5年土壤种植苎麻未表现出明显连作障碍。显微观察发现,连作引起麻根横切面内细胞密度降低,细胞排列疏松,并有细胞缺失,影响根系发育,苎麻从土壤中吸收养分和水分的能力降低,植株生长受阻。     

Oxidative damage in bone and erythrocytes of suckling rats exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Nowadays, people’s exposure to pesticides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is increasing continuously. This compound is suspected to produce in excess free radicals which have adverse effects on human health causing several cell alterations in the organism. The present study investigated oxidative stress in the bone and erythrocytes of suckling rats whose mothers were treated with 2,4-D. Experiments were carried out on adult Wistar rats given 600 mg/L of 2,4-D in their drinking water from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Exposing dams to 2,4-D caused disorders in the bone of their progeny. Indeed, it induced changes in bone mineralization, especially calcium and phosphorus levels. Moreover, total tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which reflected bone resorption, was enhanced while total alkaline phosphatase, which reflected bone formation, was reduced suggesting that this herbicide accelerated bone resorption. The impairment of bone function corresponded histologically.Rats exposed to 2,4-D showed in both bone and erythrocytes an increase in malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products and protein carbonyl levels and a decrease in non-enzymatic (glutathione, non-protein thiol, and vitamin C) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) antioxidant system.     

Fenvalerate induced stress mitigation by dietary supplementation of multispecies probiotic mixture in a tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Five experimental diets with various combinations of probiotics, namely T1 & T6 (basal feed (BF) without probiotics), T2 & T7 (BF + Bacillus subtilis + Lactococcus lactis), T3 & T8 (BF + L. lactis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae), T4 & T9 (BF + B. subtilis + S. cerevisiae) and T5 & T10 (BF + B. subtilis + L. lactis + S. cerevisiae) were fed to Labeo rohita fingerlings for 30 days. Treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were exposed to Fenvalerate, at a concentration of 1.79 μg L⁻¹. The SOD and CAT activity was significantly affected (P < 0.01) in fenvalerate treated groups. However, the supplementation of the three-probiotic mixture at equal concentration showed markedly reduced activity. Similarly, RBC, Hb, NBT, total protein and albumin values were reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in the fenvalerate exposed fish as compared to the probiotic supplemented fish. Fenvalerate exposure also showed increased serum ALP, ACP and Bilirubin values (P < 0.01) in comparison to the non-exposed fish. Histological observations of the gills, kidney and liver showed tissue degeneration after fenvalerate exposure, which however showed marked recovery on the three-probiotic mixture supplementation. Therefore, these results indicate that a mixture of multi-species probiotic supplementation in equal concentration acts beneficially in mitigating the stressful effects of fenvalerate.