不同施肥处理对大花蕙兰超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

以两年生大花蕙兰苗为试验材料,采用松树皮基质、不同肥料配比对大花蕙兰的3个品种进行处理,并以生产中常用的日本S333-100缓释肥为对照,研究测定不同肥料配比下植株生长过程中超氧化物歧化酶活性变化特征。结果表明,在整个生长过程中,不同施肥处理对大花蕙兰SOD酶活性变化趋势整体表现为"升—降—升",处理4的植株体内酶活性比其他处理高,品种‘YX52’的酶活性较其他两个品种高,具有较强的抗性。     

Effect of DADLE on lung injury in rats with acute global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

AIM：To observe the effects of δ opioid receptor agonist DADLE on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by acute global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS：SD rats (n=30) were randomly divided into sham group, model (I/R) group and DADLE treatment group. Global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by a modified 2-vessel occlusion plus hypotension. DADLE (5 mg/kg) treatment was performed via the left jugular injection before reperfusion. After 120-min reperfusion, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed under light microscope and electronic microscope. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were detected. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was also measured. RESULTS：In I/R group, widened alveolar septum, capillary dilatation and congestion, endovascular and perivascular cells in the lung with neutrophil infiltration, and significantly reduced type II epithelial cell surface microvilli, alveolar lumen cavity and trachea with serous exudate were observed. SOD activity decreased, but the MDA level increased. Compared with I/R group, the SOD activity increased and MDA level decreased in DADLE treatment group, with significantly reduced lung congestion, the degree of lung injury, and the infiltration of neutrophils. Compared with I/R group, the PaO2 and oxygenation index in DADLE treatment group were increased. CONCLUSION：Various degrees of pulmonary injury were observed in acute global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model. DADLE might have a protective effect on lung tissues of ALI in rats.     

Effects of dietary thiamin on the physiological status of the grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus coioides</Emphasis>

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary thiamin on the physiological status of the juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Graded levels of thiamin (0.08, 0.50, 2.12, 3.15, 4.63, 12.37 mg thiamin kg⁻¹ diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (mean weight: 16.97 ± 0.14 g) for 10 weeks. Although fish fed the thiamin-deficient (TD) diet showed no obvious symptoms of thiamin deficiency or increased mortality, those fed the lowest doses of thiamin (0.08 and 0.50 mg thiamin kg⁻¹ diet) had significantly decreased transketolase activity in the liver. In addition, the level of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fish fed the TD diet was 33–67% higher than that in fish with the thiamin-supplemented diet. There were no significant differences in superoxide dismutase activity between the different groups of fish.     

猕猴桃AdMSD1和AdMSD2的克隆及其在果实后熟软化中的表达

锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)在植物生长发育与衰老及应对逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。为探究MnSOD基因在猕猴桃果实后熟软化及采后贮藏过程的作用,本研究以米良1号猕猴桃为试材,克隆了2个MnSOD基因,分别命名为AdMSD1和AdMSD2。AdMSD1包含675 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码224个氨基酸,登录号为KY471358;AdMSD2包含690 bp的ORF,编码229个氨基酸,登录号为KY471359。生物信息学分析结果表明,AdMSD1和AdMSD2均编码稳定的碱性亲水蛋白,包含保守金属结合域DVWEHAYY、Mn²⁺金属结合位点和特征氨基酸。AdMSD1和AdMSD2均由6个外显子和5个内含子组成。进化树结果显示,2个蛋白聚在双子叶植物组的不同分支,属于MnSOD家族的不同成员。定量分析结果表明,AdMSD1在叶片的转录水平最高,在花中的转录水平最低;AdMSD2在花中的转录水平最高,在成熟果中的转录水平最低。2个基因在果实后熟软化过程的转录呈动态变化,但均在软化初期上调,软化Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期下调,进入软化Ⅲ期后再次回升。果实中AdMSD1和AdMSD2的转录水平均在低温贮藏过程中下降。AdMSD1在脱落酸处理的第1和第5天表达上调,而AdMSD2在脱落酸处理后表达下调;AdMSD1在赤霉素处理后表达下调,而AdMSD2在赤霉素处理的第1天表达上调,之后下调。研究结果表明,AdMSDs基因参与猕猴桃果实的后熟软化和采后贮藏过程,为进一步研究SOD在猕猴桃果实采后品质调控中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊（Chironomussinicus）幼虫的急性毒性试验

[目的]评价农药对水生生物的毒理效应。[方法]采用静水法研究烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2．4D丁酯对中华摇蚊（Chironomussinicus）幼虫的急性毒性效应。分别设定不同浓度梯度进行急性暴露试验,于48h时测定摇蚊幼虫组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。[结果]在氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯处理摇蚊幼虫后12h后,不同浓度间的存活率无显著差异,在48h时随着农药浓度的增加,存活率F降。烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊幼虫48h的LC。分别为1．842、0．150和1．999mg／L,氯氰菊酯对中华摇蚊幼虫的毒性最高．其次为烯草酮,2-4D丁酯毒性最低。烯草酮对中华摇蚊幼虫组织SOD含量有明显影响．表现出剂量-效应关系;2-4D丁酯对组织SOD含量有明碌影响．但未表现出剂量-效应关系：而氯氰菊酯对组织SOD含量则无明显影响。[结论]该研究为水体污染监测和水环境中农药的残留提供理论依据。     

毒死蜱对斑马鱼血清CAT和SOD活性的影响

通过对斑马鱼肌肉注射不同浓度(2、20、200、2000μg/kg)的毒死蜱,研究了斑马鱼血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化情况。结果显示:在处理后24 h两种酶的活性均明显升高;在处理后96 h两种酶的活性均显著下降。说明毒死蜱对斑马鱼机体的抗氧化系统有明显的损伤作用。     

Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Green-Wheat-Bran

The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.     

犬红细胞Cu·Zn－SOD的纯化及其部分特性

采用乙醇－氯仿处理、加热、丙酮沉淀和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０柱层析的方法，从犬血红细胞中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ），并对其部分性质进行了研究。比活力为４１５０Ｕ／ｍｇ，不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈现１条区带，ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为１６３００，紫外最大吸收峰位于２５９ｎｍ，氨基酸组成中不含有色氨酸。     

日粮维生素A水平对免疫接种及热应激下蛋鸡脂质过氧化反应的影响

试验研究不同的VA添加水平（3000、6000、9000、12000IU/kg）对经免疫接种（对照组）和接种后立即热应激处理（试验组）的蛋鸡生产性能，血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量的影响。结果：表明：（1）VA水平对蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率和料蛋比无显著影响，但随着VA水平的提高，蛋重极显著增加（P＜0．01）；试验组蛋重显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），料蛋比显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组接种使机体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量极显著升高（P＜0．01）；VA添加水平对SOD活性无显著影响，但随着VA添加水平的提高，血浆中LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01）。（3）试验组免疫接种后立即热应激（32℃，24h）会抑制SOD活性的升高，使LPO含量也极显著升高（P＜0．01），48h后SOD活生极显著升高（P＜0．01）；随着VA水平的提高，SOD活性显著提高（P＜0．05），LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01），实验结果显示，高温＋免疫接种会给蛋鸡机体造成很大的影响，使机体内SOD活性受到抑制，LPO含量升高，应尽可能避免高温下进行免疫接种，提高日粮VA水平有利于减轻机体脂质过氧化程度，VA对SOD活性的影响因应激程度而有所差异。