Antioxidant defence to ammonia stress of characins (Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner) fed diets supplemented with carotenoids

This study aimed to find out whether dietary carotenoid (CD) supplement could influence the resistance of characins (Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner) to ammonia stress. Two types of CD and its combination [astaxanthin (AX), β‐carotene (BC), 1 : 1 combination of AX and BC (MX)] at three concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg kg⁻¹) were used resulting in nine pigmented diets. No differences in growth and survival of the fish among treatments were found after 8‐week rearing. Experimental and control fish were then exposed to 15 mg total ammonia nitrogen L⁻¹ (stress group) and 0.15 mg total ammonia nitrogen L⁻¹ (normal group) for 72 h, and their blood was withdrawn. No mortality resulted under such TAN concentrations. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), serum antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx)] and serum transaminases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] were chosen as indices of fish antioxidant capacity or stress resistance. SOD, GPx and AST were affected by the interactions of dietary CD and ammonia stress. The activities of TAS, SOD, GPx and AST increased under the stress. Dietary CD reduced serum SOD, GPx, ALT and AST activities. In conclusion, dietary CD increased the resistance of characins to ammonia stress.     

高温胁迫对褐牙鲆生长及肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了研究高温对褐牙鲆幼鱼生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响,对其不同温度处理(25、28、30、31、32℃)下的存活、生长、摄食及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力进行比较。结果显示25℃组、28℃组及30℃组的鱼没有死亡,31℃组的成活率为(95%±1.18%),32℃组的成活率仅为(20.83%±2.20%)。各温度处理组的特定生长率(SGR)、摄食率(FR)和饲料转化率(FCE)和水温的平方呈显著的负相关(SGR:R2=0.93;FR:R2=0.90;FCE:R2=0.86;P<0.01),即25～32℃时,特定生长率、摄食率和饲料转化率随温度升高而减小。各处理组的肝脏组织中的SOD及CAT活力随胁迫温度升高而降低。本研究表明32℃是褐牙鲆长期生存的临界上限温度,高温能够显著影响其生长和抗氧化酶的活性。     

汞离子胁迫对红鳍笛鲷抗氧化酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

为探讨鱼体抗氧化系统以及神经系统对水体中汞胁迫的响应机制,在实验条件下研究了汞离子对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼[体长为(4.95±0.79)cm,体重为(4.57±2.02)g]的急性毒性及对鱼体肝脏、鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力的影响。结果表明:半静水实验条件下,汞离子对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的安全浓度为0.040mg/L。汞离子暴露6h时,各浓度组的肝脏SOD酶活均比对照组有显著升高(P<0.05)。随暴露时间的增加,低浓度组SOD的活性变化较小,而高浓度组鱼体肝脏SOD的活性出现被诱导或被抑制的现象,表明鱼体在高浓度汞胁迫下抗氧化系统出现一定程度的紊乱。鳃的SOD活力在暴露6h亦显著升高,随时间的延长,各浓度组SOD的活性具不同程度的下降趋势。MDA含量的变化表明,鳃组织在暴露6h时已开始受到显著损伤(P<0.05),而肝在6h时无显著变化,在12h时开始受损伤。脑组织AChE活性在暴露6h时略受抑制(P>0.05);暴露12h时高浓度组显著增加(P<0.05),诱导率平均为36%;汞离子暴露24h时,鱼脑AChE的抑制率分别为28%～38%;暴露48h、96h时抑制率...     

副溶血弧菌感染日本蟳后对几种免疫活性酶的影响

用副溶血弧菌悬液和生理盐水(对照)注射感染日本蟳,研究其血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,并进行统计学分析。试验结果表明,注射副溶血性弧菌悬液组12、24、48 h后SOD活性均高于对照组,48 h达到最高;122、4 h CAT活性增加明显,24 h达最高;AKP活性5、12、24 h均有增加,高于对照组,24 h最高;ACP活性12 h开始上升,24 h达最高。在人工感染副溶血性弧菌48 h内,日本蟳体内的免疫因子发生明显的变化,血清中SOD、ACP、AKP、CAT活性在不同时间段均有显著升高趋势,高于对照组。     

儿茶素及其组合物清除自由基能力的研究

应用化学发光方法研究了4种儿茶素及其组合物对超氧阴离子自由基（O^＊2^-）和羟自由基（OH^＊）的清除能力,并对其之间的清除能力进行了比较。结果表明：EGCG、ECG、EGC和EC的O^＊2^-清除率为50％时的浓度SC50分别为4．2、4．9、5．2和6．2μmol／L,而OH^＊清除率为50％时的浓度SC50则分别为0．22、0．25、0．26和0．30μmol／L。4种儿茶素的浓度相同时,其O^＊2^-和OH^＊清除率的大小顺序为：EGCG〉ECG〉EGC〉Ec。并应用正交试验设计方法来优化4种儿茶素的组合,结果表明：清除O^＊2^-和OH^＊的最佳组合是EGCG：ECG：EGC：EC为3：3：1：1。EGCG对自由基清除率影响是最大和最显著的。在4种儿茶素的组合中,当EGCG所占的比例较大时,其组合物的自由基清除率比单体的自由基清除率要大。文中最后还模拟了不同茶叶中4种儿茶素所占的比例不同时,其清除自由基的能力的大小。本研究为利用儿茶素的不同配伍寻找一种更能发挥其药用功效的复合物提供了一条新的途经。     

复合微生态制剂对仔猪SOD活性的影响

为了研究复合微生态制剂对仔猪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,我们以超氧化物歧化酶活性为指标,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定SOD的活性,结果：复合微生态制刺可使仔猪血清中的SOD活性升高,因此,复合微生态制剂有抗脂质过氧化的作用,对仔猪超氧化物歧化酶活性的改变有保护作用、     

Callose and β‐1,3‐glucanase inhibit Phytophthora cinnamomi in a resistant avocado rootstock

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of avocado, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is a significant threat to sustainable production wherever the crop is grown. Resistant rootstocks in combination with phosphite applications are the most effective options for managing this disease. Recently, the mechanisms underpinning PRR resistance have been investigated by the avocado community. Here, biochemical assays and confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate early defence responses in PRR resistant and ‐susceptible avocado rootstocks. Zoospore germination and subsequent hyphal growth for the pathogen were significantly inhibited on the surface of resistant avocado roots. When penetration occurred in the resistant R0.06 rootstock, callose was deposited in the epidermal cells, parenchyma and cortex of roots. In addition, β‐1,3‐glucanase was released early (6 h post‐inoculation, hpi) in response to the pathogen, followed by a significant increase in catalase by 24 hpi. In contrast, susceptible R0.12 roots responded only with the deposition of lignin and phenolic compounds incapable of impeding pathogen colonization. In this study, PRR resistance was attributed to a timely multilayered response to infection by P. cinnamomi.     

Pinnisterols A–C,New 9,11-Secosterols from a Gorgonian Pinnigorgia sp.

Three new 9,11-secosterols, pinnisterols A–C (1–3), were isolated from a gorgonian coral Pinnigorgia sp., collected off the waters of Taiwan. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The new sterols 1 and 3 displayed significant inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils, and sterol 1 was found to show moderate cytotoxicity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).     

不同油茶品种叶片3种保护酶活性分析

[目的]测定不同油茶品种健康叶片中的3种保护酶活性,为油茶抗病性、抗逆性机理研究提供参考依据.[方法]采用紫外—可见分光光度计法,测定岑软3号油茶、博白大果油茶、普通油茶、岑软2号油茶、香花油茶和陆川油茶6个油茶品种叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.[结果]6个品种油茶叶片的POD活性排序为普通油茶>(博白大果油茶和岑软3号油茶)>(岑软2号油茶、香花油茶和陆川油茶),CAT活性排序为岑软3号油茶>(普通油茶、博白大果油茶和岑软2号油茶)>(香花油茶和陆川油茶),SOD活性排序为陆川油茶>岑软3号油茶>(博白大果油茶、普通油茶、岑软2号油茶和香花油茶).[结论]以油茶健康叶片中POD、CAT和SOD活性高低可判断油茶的抗病性或抗逆性强弱.     

淹水胁迫对苦瓜幼苗生长、丙二醛含量和SOD活性的影响

以台湾玉华苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)为试材,研究淹水时间对苦瓜幼苗生长、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,淹水4 d时,玉华苦瓜幼苗的各项指标与对照差异不显著;淹水8 d后,株高显著低于对照,MDA含量、SOD活性显著高于对照;淹水12 d后,株高、叶片数显著低于对照,MDA含量、SOD活性显著高于对照。说明玉华苦瓜对涝渍胁迫的抵抗能力有限,生理受到伤害,生长受到抑制。