饲用杂交高粱和苏丹草饲喂草鱼研究

在高温高湿条件下，饲用杂交高粱和苏丹草长势良好，饲用杂交 高粱在株高1.0-1.5m高时鲜草产量可达37500kg/hm^2，茎叶比为1：0.92，可利用产量为17767.5kg/hm^2。苏丹草鲜草产量为18500kg/hm^2，茎叶比为1：0.40，可利用鲜草产量7400kg/hm^2。草鱼对饲用杂交高粱和苏丹草的采食率分别为36.56%和34.52%，摄食量分别为6.14g/天条和6.45g/天条，试验证明HCN对草鱼无毒副作用，其含量随着生长高度的增加而下降。     

Acid detergent lignin,lodging resistance index,and expression of the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene in brown midrib-12 sudangrass

Understanding the relationship between acid detergent lignin (ADL) and lodging resistance index (LRI) is essential for breeding new varieties of brown midrib (bmr) sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.). In this study, bmr-12 near isogenic lines and their wild-types obtained by back cross breeding were used to compare relevant forage yield and quality traits, and to analyze expression of the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene using quantitative real time-PCR. The research showed that the mean ADL content of bmr-12 mutants (20.94 g kg⁻¹) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than measured in N-12 lines (43.45 g kg⁻¹), whereas the LRI of bmr-12 mutants (0.29) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in N-12 lines (0.22). There was no significant correlation between the two indexes in bmr-12 materials (r = −0.44, P > 0.05). Sequence comparison of the COMT gene revealed two point mutations present in bmr-12 but not in the wild-type, the second mutation changed amino acid 129 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The relative expression level of COMT gene was significantly reduced, which likely led to the decreased ADL content observed in the bmr-12 mutant.     

Residual effects of sewage‐sludge application on plant and soil‐profile chemical composition

Abstract

Long‐term effects on plant and soil‐profile chemical composition imposed by a residential sewage sludge were studied on an Oxisol from Hawaii. Sludge was applied at 0, 45, 90, and 180 Mg/ha in 1983. An NPK‐fertilized treatment was included for comparison. Sudangrass (Sorghum bicolorL. Moench) was grown as a test crop in the 1983–84 and 1986–87 seasons. Soil samples for chemical analysis were taken in 1987 at three depths: 0–23 cm, 23–46 cm, and 46–69 cm.

Beneficial effects of sludge, measured 3 years after application (beginning of the 1986's planting), were evident by large yield increases on sludge‐amended soils relative to the unamended and the NPK‐fertilized soils. The first cutting produced approximately 5 Mg/ha of dry matter from the sludge treatments, regardless of rate, as compared with 3 and 1.5 Mg/ha from the NPK and the 0 treatments. Regrowths showed similar effect, though less dramatic; average yields were 2.6 Mg/ha with sludge and 1.6 Mg/ha without.

Heavy‐metal concentrations in plants were generally unaffected by sludge applications; probably because (i) heavy‐metal contents of the sludge were low, and (ii) soil pH was increased by sludge.

Remarkable increases in pH, exchangeable Ca and extractable P, and resultant decreases in exchangeable Al, in all three soil layers of sludge‐amended soils suggest that surface application of a low heavy‐metal sludge could serve to correct subsoil acidity and enhance subsoil P availability.     

42份高粱与苏丹草及其2个杂交种DNA指纹图谱的构建

选用100个RAPD引物和95对SSR引物进行PCR扩增,旨在构建42份高粱和苏丹草品种资源及2份国审品种高粱-苏丹草杂交种的DNA指纹图谱。结果表明,从100个RAPD引物中筛选到9个多态性高、重复性好的引物,多态性条带比率为64.06%,利用4个核心RAPD引物可以为每份品种构建1张特定的数字指纹,并通过其中1个引物F-01构建了1张能鉴别2个杂交种的RAPD指纹图谱,不过该图谱不能区别皖草3号与其父本Sa。从95对SSR引物中筛选出多态性丰富的引物73对,多态性条带比率为86.06%,通过3对核心SSR引物就可以构建42份高粱和苏丹草的SSR数字指纹,同时利用其中1对SSR引物txp18,寻找到2个杂交种的互补带,从而构建了2个高粱-苏丹草杂交种的SSR指纹图谱,这张SSR指纹图谱不仅能鉴别皖草2号和3号,还可以把杂交种与其亲本区别开来。