Effects of Bacillus subtilis on jejunal integrity,redox status,and microbial composition of intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets

The present study used intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets as an animal model to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis on intestinal integrity, antioxidant capacity, and microbiota in the jejunum of suckling piglets. In total, 8 normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets (1.62 ± 0.10 kg) and 16 newborn IUGR piglets (0.90 ± 0.08 kg) were selected and assigned to three groups. Piglets were orally gavaged with 10-mL sterile saline (NBW and IUGR groups), and IUGR piglets were orally gavaged with 10-mL/d bacterial fluid (B. subtilis diluted in sterile saline, gavage in the dose of 2 × 10⁹ colony-forming units per kg of body weight; IBS group; n = 8). IUGR induced jejunal barrier dysfunction and redox status imbalance of piglets, and changed the abundances of bacteria in the jejunum. Treatment with B. subtilis increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) in the jejunum, decreased (P < 0.05) the plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and enhanced (P < 0.05) the gene expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of protein carbonyl (PC) and increased (P < 0.05) the activities of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis also increased (P < 0.05) gene expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), as well as the protein expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), SOD1, and Nrf2 in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis also improved the abundances and the community structure of bacteria in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. These results suggested that IUGR damaged the jejunal barrier function and antioxidant capacity of suckling piglets, and altered the abundances of bacteria in the jejunum. Treatment with B. subtilis improved the intestinal integrity and antioxidant capacity while also improved the abundances and structure of bacteria in the jejunum of suckling piglets.     

Metabolic and luteal function in winter‐calving Spanish beef cows as affected by calf management and breed

This experiment aimed at evaluating the effect of calf management and breed on the metabolic and luteal function of post‐partum beef cows fed at maintenance. Fifty multiparous cows, 22 Parda de Montaña (PA) and 28 Pirenaica (PI), were assigned to either suckling once‐daily for 30 min (RESTR) or ad libitum (ADLIB) from the day after calving. Blood samples were collected to analyse metabolites [non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β‐hydroxybutyrate, total protein and urea)], insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and progesterone (P4) at different intervals. Cows from RESTR maintained their live‐weight (LW) over the first 3 months post‐partum, whereas ADLIB cows lost nearly 4% LW. Both genotypes showed similar LW gains during this period (p > 0.10). Calf daily gains were lower in RESTR than in ADLIB treatment (p < 0.05), but similar across breeds (p > 0.10). Milk and lactose production were lower in RESTR cows than in ADLIB (p < 0.05). Milk and protein yield were greater in PA than in PI breed (p < 0.05). Serum NEFA, total protein and urea were higher in PI cows suckling ADLIB than in the rest (p < 0.05). Cows from PI breed had greater NEFA values than PA ones on the first week post‐partum (p < 0.001). Circulating IGF‐I was not affected by suckling frequency, breed nor their interaction (p > 0.10). Suckling frequency, but not breed, affected the interval from calving to first ovulation (p < 0.001), being shorter in RESTR than in ADLIB cows. In conclusion, the ad libitum suckling practice improved cow milk yield and offspring gain compared to once‐daily suckling for 30 min from the day after calving, at the expense of impairing the onset of cyclicity. The effect of calf management was confounded with breed on the studied blood biochemical constituents, but any of these metabolites influenced the role of endocrine IGF‐I in these genotypes.     

规模化猪场哺乳母猪与仔猪的行为观察

对规模化饲养条件下的6头大长经产母猪及仔猪在哺乳期哺乳，吮乳、采食，排泄、应激等行为进行了观察，分析其特征和规律，为生产上改进母猪的饲养管理和提高仔猪生产效率提供科学依据。     

"东方止痢神"和"仔姆康"对仔猪黄痢和白痢的疗效

用“东方止痢神”和“仔姆康”两种药物对仔猪黄痢和白痢进行治疗试验。发现二药联用后疗效显著，治愈率较高。     

Effect of Weaning Ages on Pancreatic and Intestinal Chymotrypsin Activity in Piglet

Twelve litters of new born piglets were divided randomly into groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and weaned at 17, 21, 28 and 35 days of age, respectively, to determine the effect of weaning age on pancreatic and intestinal chymotrypsin activity in piglets. The results showed that the relative and specific activity of pancreatic chymotrypsin increased significantly 12h after weaning compared with that of sucking piglets at the same age and then decreased and remained low for 2 - 3 weeks after weaning. Total pancreatic chymotrypsin activity had no change with the increase of pancreas weight during day 18 - 50 regardless of weaning (P ＞0.05). Chymotrypsin activity of jejunum had the same change as that of pancreas during sulking stage.Jejunum chymotrypin activity decreased in the first week post-weaning in the piglets weaned before day 28, but had no change in groups weaned at 28 or 35 days. The earlier the weaning age, the longer the restoring time.Chymotrypsin activity in jejunum is more sensitive to the effects of weaning age than in duodenum and ileum.     

仔猪猪瘟疫苗乳前免疫技术的应用研究

目前在对猪瘟的防治实践中,对猪瘟超前免疫后抗体水平的变化以及保护效果存在争议。通过对猪场的应用观察:以品种、日龄相同,胎次相近的杜长大四窝三元仔猪为检测对象,每窝随机抽取五头进行超前免疫实验,分别在20,30,40,60日龄,静脉采血,利用IDEXX公司的猪瘟检测试剂盒进行猪瘟阻断率检测,结果表明:进行猪瘟超前免疫后再在50日龄加强一次猪瘟疫苗免疫能很好的保护仔猪。     

BBDL菌种制剂预防仔猪大肠杆菌病的效果

为探讨ＢＢＤＬ菌种制剂对仔猪大肠杆菌病的防治效果,给初生仔猪每天每头口服６３亿个ＢＢＤＬ菌为试验Ａ组,不给口服菌或药物的仔猪为空白对照。给断奶仔猪每天每头口服３１．５亿个菌为试验Ｂ组,以每天每头口服０．１ｇ痢特灵的断奶仔猪为对照。试验期７ｄ,观察ＢＢ－ＤＬ菌制剂对仔猪大肠杆菌病的预防效果。结果：初生仔猪服用ＢＢＤＬ菌制剂的仔猪保护率为１００％,空白对照发生大肠杆菌病２０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。断奶仔猪的试验组保护率为１００％,痢特灵药物对照发病率１０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,差异均极显著。从而得出结论：用ＢＢＤＬ菌制剂预防仔猪大肠杆菌病有良好的效果,可替代部分抗生药物。     

不同水平苜蓿草粉对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能及血清指标的影响

选用48头配种日龄相近、繁殖性能无显著差异的大约克经产母猪,按胎次、体况等随机分为6个处理,每处理8头。哺乳母猪自由采食,自由饮水。研究哺乳母猪饲粮中分别添加0,40,60,80,100和120g/kg苜蓿草粉对母猪及其仔猪生产性能、血清指标及乳成分的影响。结果表明:(1)添加苜蓿草粉对母猪断奶至发情时间间隔影响不显著(P>0.05),但显著提高了断奶仔猪数和哺乳期仔猪成活率(P<0.05);对母猪泌乳期采食量、仔猪断奶窝重、窝增重、断奶平均个体重、平均个体日增重有极显著影响(P<0.01)。(2)添加苜蓿草粉降低了母猪血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,提高了母猪血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和母猪、仔猪血清胰岛素含量,但组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)添加苜蓿草粉对乳中胰岛素样生长因子有一定提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究认为,添加苜蓿草粉对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能有一定改善,且100g/kg添加水平表现突出,因此在妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪饲粮中苜蓿草粉添加量以100g/kg为宜。     

Interactions between fawns and does of farmed fallow deer Dama dama in the postnatal period

The aim of the present study was to describe the suckling behavior of the offspring of farmed European fallow deer Dama dama in the postnatal period. Video surveillance footage from the first 18 days postpartum was analyzed in detail to reveal that the duration of interactions between the mother and the offspring changed with the fawns’ age. The duration of mother‐offspring interactions was longest between postpartum days 12 and 18. The frequency of interactions at different times of the day varied in the analyzed periods. The results of the study could be used to increase the welfare of farmed deer.     

仔猪Galectin-9基因在断乳前、后胃肠道组织中的表达差异

依据电子延伸序列克隆猪Galectin-9基因,研究其在仔猪消化道中的分布,并采用荧光定量PCR检测该基因在断乳前、后仔猪胃肠道组织中的表达差异;结果:成功克隆出了猪Galectin-9基因,并被GenBank收录(Accession. FJ428535),该基因在仔猪消化道中广泛分布,与断乳前相比,断乳后Galectin-9的mRNA在胃、空肠组织中的表达量显著下调(P<0.05),而在十二指肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠中的表达与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。