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31.
32.
施华 《农业装备与车辆工程》2009,(5)
以一典型零件为例,介绍一种使用专用工艺装备加工孔系的加工方法及工艺装备设计.同时分析了加工过程中误差产生的原因及解决措施.对于中小企业和非专业厂家来说.能利用现有设备资源进行挖潜改造不失为一种投资省、见效快而且切实可行的有效途径. 相似文献
33.
34.
35.
植被恢复演替初期对模拟降雨产流特征的影响 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
利用模拟降雨装置,研究了演替恢复初期不同植被覆盖以及不同处理下坡面降雨的产流过程和人渗率。实验研究结果表明,植被演替开始之初,由于地表土壤的土质比较疏松,土壤的人渗率比较大。随着植被演替的进行,土壤中有机质等物质的逐渐累积,土壤的理化性质发生了变化,土壤的人渗特征也随之降低。剪草降雨小区的实验研究结果说明,在降雨的初期,土壤的人渗性能相对较低,随着实验的进行,在雨滴的打击下,部分结皮被破坏,土壤的人渗率也随之增大。说明地表生物结皮的存在,降低了土壤的人渗性能。采取适当的措施破坏地表生物结皮,有利于提高土壤的人渗性能,增加干旱半干旱地区对降雨的利用程度。 相似文献
36.
37.
朝阳地区在200年前林草茂盛,后经乱砍滥伐,使森林受到严重摧残,生态环境发生急剧变化,在闪生演替过程中,决定次生演替性质,方向和速度仍然是人为活动,由于环境的破坏程度不同,不同立地反应了次生演替的不同阶段,如果消除破坏因素,命名适生区生境的群落得以复生,依据更新 树种与立地相关关系,通过数量化理论分析,影响更新主导因子有坡向,土厚,坡位,母岩和海拔,按立地与更新树种双因子法划分出7种封育类型。 相似文献
38.
Reforestation is one of the most important and efficient measures of water and soil conservation. Based on field investigations
in the Shangyang Soil Conservation and Reforestation Station in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, we studied the variation
in vegetation development, vegetation succession processes and soil erosion. The regional vegetation consists mainly of monsoon
evergreen broad-leaved forests (MEBF). The area was deforested and became a denuded hill area with extremely high soil erosion
in the 1960s and 1970s. Then, the area was closed in order to allow recovery of the vegetation. Under natural conditions the
vegetation development and succession processes were slow during which soil erosion and strong sunshine and evaporation slowed
down the development of the vegetation. About 25 years later, the vegetation cover was still merely 35% or so. The dominant
vegetation types were heliophilous herbage and shrubs which formed a poorly developed shrub-herbage community and erosion
remained high. In contrast, reforestation with selected tree species dramatically speeded up the vegetation succession process.
About 12 years after reforestation, vegetation cover of the Acacia auriculiformis plantations in the Shangyang Station was 90% and erosion was under control. After 23 years, understory vegetation, consisting
of indigenous species, had developed in the plantations. The planted trees and naturally developing herbage, shrubs, bamboo,
local trees and liana formed a complex vegetation community in three layers. It will take 60 years for the vegetation to succeed
from bare land to a secondary growth forest under natural conditions. Reforestation may speed up the vegetation succession
process. The time may be reduced to 20 years. Reforestation is the most effective measure of vegetation restoration and erosion
control in this area.
__________
Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(8): 2558–2565 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
39.
Soil water is an important factor restricting afforestation on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.The microtopography of the loess slope has changed the distribution pattern of soil water on the slope.To improve water utilization efficiency and optimize afforestation configuration patterns,the relationship between soil water and precipitation at micro-topographic scale must be studied.We used time series analysis to study the temporal variation of soil water and its response to precipitation in four kinds of micro-topographies and undisturbed slope on loess slopes.Micro-topographies significantly influenced soil water distribution and dynamics on the slopes.Soil water stored in the platform,sinkhole,and ephemeral gully influenced subsequent soil water for 4 weeks,whereas soil water stored in the scarp and undisturbed slope could influence soil water for 2 weeks.It took 12 weeks,10 weeks,18 weeks,6 weeks,and 12 weeks for precipitation to reach the deeper soil layer in the platform,sinkhole,scarp,ephemeral gully,and undisturbed slope,respectively.These soil water characteristics in different micro-topographies are vital factors that should be taken into consideration when undertaking afforestation on the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
40.
将小波分解应用于害虫发生程度非平稳时间序列的分析和预测。通过小波分解,将非平稳时间序列分离为多个平稳分量,然后采用自回归滑动平均方法对各平稳分量分别进行分析和建模,最后将所有分量的模型进行组合,从而可以得到原非平稳时间序列的预测模型。在实例分析中,利用1959年至2004年烟台市一代玉米螟发生程度数据序列建立了预测模型,利用2005年至2009年的数据对模型进行了检验。检验结果表明:5年预测准确率达到了80%,预测效果令人满意。 相似文献