宁夏毛乌素沙地退化草原恢复演替过程中物种多样性与生产力的变化

对宁夏毛乌素沙地退化草原种植不同林龄柠条Caragana korshinskii后物种的多样性、群落结构及草地生产力进行了研究,结果表明:种植柠条林对退化草地的植被恢复有积极的作用,植物群落的多样性随柠条林龄的增加而增加,而且随林龄年份的增加,群落结构更趋于稳定.草地生产力由于土壤储水量相对较高,表现为随林龄的增加,草产量受季节降水量变化的影响较小,相对稳定的趋势.     

黄土丘陵区典型草地演替中植物群落特征与土壤储水量关系

[目的]阐明草地植被演替过程中植被生产力、植物多样性等生态学特征与土壤储水量的关系,为探明黄土高原地区植被恢复的生态环境效应提供一定的科学依据。[方法]采用时空互代的方法对宁夏回族自治区固原市云雾山保护区自然恢复3,8,13,46,66,89a的样地进行取样,分析0—100cm土层土壤储水量的分布及其与地上地下植物生物量、物种多样性的关系。[结果]随着草地演替的进行,植被群落盖度、生物量和物种多样性指数在恢复13a之前显著增加,之后渐趋稳定;土壤含水量逐渐增加,容重逐渐降低。植被群落演替对0—40cm土层土壤储水量没有显著影响,但演替后期对40cm以下土层水分有明显消耗。植被群落生物量及物种多样性指标与表层0—10cm水分呈显著正相关。[结论]草地演替过程中,植被群落生物量和物种多样性的增加与表层土壤储水能力的提升密切相关,但深层根系生物量的增加对下层土壤储水的消耗也逐渐增大。     

苏北低山丘陵区森林群落次生演替物种多样性分析

对苏北低山丘陵区森林群落次生演替的特征以及空间变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,杂木林多样性最高,物种多样性指数（SD,）1．52～2．39,群落均匀度指数（CEI）0.55～0．89,生态优势度指数（EDI）0.16～0．40;刺槐林多样性最低,SD,0．07～0．17,CEI0．08～0．12,ED10．92～0．97;栎类林和温性松林的多样性分居2、3位。相对而言,苏北东北部低山丘陵区生物多样性较西北部低山丘陵区高。     

Dynamics of microbial biomass and nitrogen supply during primary succession on blastfurnace slag dumps in dry tropics

This paper reports the role of microbial biomass in the establishment of N pools in the substratum during primary succession (till 40-year age) in Blastfurnace Slag Dumps, an anthropogenically created land form in the tropics. Initially in the depressions in the slag dumps fine soil particles (silt+clay) accumulate, retaining moisture therein, and providing microsites for the accumulation of microbial biomass. In all sites microbial biomass showed distinct seasonality, with summer-peak and rainy season-low standing crops. During the summer season microbial biomass C ranged from 18.6 μg g⁻¹ in the 1-year old site to ca. 235 μg g⁻¹ in the 40-year old site; correspondingly, microbial biomass N ranged from 1.22 to 40 μg g⁻¹. On sites 2.5-years of age and younger, the microbial biomass N content accounted for more than 50% of the organic N in the soil, whereas the proportion of microbial biomass N was ca. 7% of organic N in 40-year old site. The strong correlation between microbial biomass and total N in soil indicated a significant role of microbes in the build-up of nitrogen during the initial stages of succession in the slag dumps. Though the organic N pool in the soil was low (594 mg kg⁻¹) even after 40 years of succession, the available N (NH₄-N and NO₃-N) contents in the soil were generally high through the entire age series (ca. 16-32 μg g⁻¹) during the rainy season (which supports active growth of the herbaceous community). The high mineral-N status on the slag dump was related with high N-mineralization rates, particularly in the young sites (20.6 and 13.9 μg g⁻¹ month⁻¹ at 1 and 2.5-year age). We suggest that along with the abiotic factors having strong effect on ecosystem functioning, the microbial biomass, an important biotic factor, shows considerable influence on soil nutrient build-up during early stages of primary succession on the slag dumps. The microbial biomass dynamics initiates biotic control in developing slag dumps ecosystem through its effect on nitrogen pools and availability.     

浅议广东森林自然度划分标准

森林自然度反映现实森林类型与地带性原始顶板森林类型的差异程度。是反映森林质量和生态状况的一项重要指标。文章叙述了广东省森林自然度划分标准及实践应用情况。探讨了实践应用中存在的问题，提出了完善划分标准的建议。     

高山嵩草—苔草草地的植被演替

本文以生态位理论为指导,就广泛分布于青藏高原的嵩草—苔草草地在放牧条件下演替的过程和机理进行了研究,结果表明这类草地在放牧条件下演替有四个阶段:珠芽蓼+线叶嵩草—苔草群落(Ⅰ);线叶嵩草+苔草—垂穗鹅观草群落(Ⅱ);线叶嵩草+苔草—毛茛+甘肃马先蒿群落(Ⅲ);苔草+多茎委陵菜—毛茛+钝叶银莲花群落(Ⅳ);其衰退序列是Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ→Ⅳ。封育可使群落中优良牧草的生态体积增大,使草地向进展方向演替。     

南方山区草地植被理论类型及演替导向的研究

根据生态学的基本原理，通过植被与环境条件互作关系的分析，将我国南方山区草地划分为Ｃ型、Ｃ－Ｓ型、Ｃ－Ｄ－Ｓ型、Ｓ型、Ｓ－Ｄ型和Ｄ型（Ｃ为竞争，Ｓ为压力，Ｄ为干扰）等７个植被理论类型，探讨了这几类草地演替（或改良）的主要导向措施，并提出了“导向演替”和“非导向演替”的概念和意义。     

高寒地区草地放牧演替与害鼠密度关系的研究

在定性划分放牧演替的基础上，应用Ｗｈｉｔｔａｋｅｒ的生境梯度分析法，进行了演替阶段的定量校正，根据校正后演替序列的基本数据，应用关联分析分别对害鼠密度与植物群落各特性以及主要植物优势度的相关关系进行了探讨。分析结果表明，植物群落种多样性的早熟禾优势度在各自的关联分析中对害鼠（高原鼠兔）密度的关联度分别是０．８２３和０．８８６。由此，从群落角度说，物种多样性大小是调控害鼠度的主要因子，从植物种类角度     

宁夏引黄新灌区的开垦与昆虫类群的演替

1989～1991年对中宁县大战场和灵武县狼皮子梁的荒漠草原和垦后不久(约1～5年)的农田昆虫类群进行系统调查结果,鉴定出各类昆虫11目77科260种,其中属荒漠草原原生种88种、与农业共有种85种、农田继生种87种,其中荒漠区优势类群有伪步(虫甲)科、象(虫甲)科;荒漠垦殖后原生类群68.2%的种类消失,其余残存于田埂、渠岸、沟岸和较高的小片荒地上。     

浙江海岛砂生植被研究（Ⅰ）植被的基本特征

砂生植被在浙江海岛见于部分岛屿的砂质海岸，由砂生植物和部分耐砂植物组成。植物区系组成简单，约有野生维管植物２７１种，隶属于６７科１９１属。地理成分复杂，热带亲缘性明显。植被外貌整齐、低矮，季相变化明显，层次结构简单。植被分布因地区、岛屿、沙滩和立地而差异较大，具有明显的条带性。虽属隐域植被但地带性烙印清晰。植被演替外因于土壤质地、水分、盐分和有机质含量的变化，属外因生态演替。