卤虫卵壳营养成分分析

采用一般营养物质测定方法及液相色谱和气相色谱方法测定了卤虫卵壳营养成分。结果表明:蛋白质58.91％,脂肪5.63％,灰分8.92％;17种氨基酸总量为干物质的57.73％,必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的36.60％;卤虫卵壳含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,其中EPA占8.54％;卤虫卵壳含有多种无机元素,其中钙为13865.23μg/g,铁为9928.17μg/g。卤虫卵壳含有丰富的营养成分,因此可将其开发为营养强化剂或其它动物饲料。     

Short-term effects on productivity and egg quality in nutrient-restricted versus non-restricted organic layers with access to different forage crops

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of different forage crops on productivity and some egg quality parameters of small flocks of organic laying hens fed whole wheat or concentrates. Each experiment was carried out in a split plot design with two different forage crops and two types of supplementary feed (typical concentrate for organic layers versus whole wheat) with three replications. In the first experiment the tested forage crops were of a well-established grass/clover and a mixture of forbs (Fagopyrum esculentum, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Linum usitatissimum). In the second experiment the tested forage crops were a well-established grass/clover and chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Grassland Puna). The results on productivity and egg quality suggest that laying hens consume large amounts of foraging material when accessible. In nutrient restricted hens (wheat-fed) the forage may yield a substantial contribution to the requirements of amino acids and metabolizable energy although productivity parameters and measurements on dry matter in albumen showed that wheat-fed hens, on a short-term basis, were not able to fully compensate for the lack of protein and amino acids by increased foraging. Of the forage crops investigated especially chicory seems to contribute to the nutrition of the hens. Measurements on eggshell parameters showed that oyster shells together with foraging material were sufficient to meet the hens’ calcium requirements. Yolk colour clearly revealed that laying hens consume large quantities of green fodder irrespective of the type of supplementary feed. Yolk colour from hens with access to chicory tended to be darker, of a redder and less yellow hue compared with grass/clover fed hens, which is considered a positive quality.     

烟秆秸秆压块在烟叶烘烤中的应用研究初报

以节能智能型生物质颗料燃料供热密集烤烟工艺设备为试验设备,研究了烟秆秸秆压块作为固体燃料在楚雄烟叶烘烤中的应用情况。结果表明:秸秆压块作为燃料替代煤炭在密集烤房中运用在技术上是完全可行的,秸秆压块点火容易、升温快、火力强、温度调节灵敏度高,可以满足烤烟烘烤工艺要求;秸秆压块烤烟虽然燃料成本有所增加,但可降低烘烤用工成本,总体上可节约成本,且秸秆压块烘烤烟叶的外观质量及常规化学成分与用煤烘烤的烟叶无明显区别。     

Flounder skin meal as a potential protein source substitute in the diet of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

In this study, we investigated the potential utility of fish skin, usually discarded during processing, as a cost‐effective protein source. We evaluated the effects on juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) of an 8‐week feeding trial in which 0%, 5%, 10% or 20% of the casein (purified protein) in their diets was replaced with flounder skin meal. The fish that received flounder skin meal, particularly the 20% group, showed significantly higher growth performance and feeding efficiency. They had lower levels of body lipids, elevated levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased body and muscle protein contents. They recovered more rapidly from stress induced by anaesthesia or exposure to air. Supplementation with flounder skin meal confirms the functionality of flounder skin meal as a high collagen component of fish diets.     

蛋壳品质营养调控的研究进展

蛋壳不仅可以作为对鸡蛋内容物的支撑、免受外力的侵害,还能保护鸡蛋内部成分免遭微生物的侵袭。蛋鸡生产中常出现蛋壳破损等问题,据统计,全世界由蛋壳质量而导致的损失达6%~10%,我国每年因此也造成5亿多元的损失。因此,提高蛋壳质量是蛋鸡行业亟须解决的重要问题之一。近年来,学者从营养调控方面已开展了大量研究,本文从蛋壳的组成、形成过程、有关因子和调控实践等方面着手,简述国内外在改善蛋壳品质方面的研究进展。     

鸡蛋壳再资源化的开发及应用前景

有效利用鸡蛋壳,既减少环境污染,又增加社会财富。介绍了鸡蛋壳的结构及化学成分,并综述了鸡蛋壳在作为钙源和净水等方面的广泛应用,提出以鸡蛋壳为原料制备醋酸钙镁盐除冰剂,是一条变废为宝和综合利用鸡蛋壳的有效途径。     

不溶性钾矿产品部分替代氯化钾下晚稻钾素吸收特征

在南方稻区通过大田试验研究不溶性钾矿产品—颗粒硅钙钾肥和多元素微孔矿物肥部分替代氯化钾对晚稻产量、经济效益以及对钾素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:施钾使晚稻增产200.4~577.4 kg/hm~2,40%颗粒硅钙钾肥替代氯化钾增产122.8 kg/hm~2,其他不溶性钾矿产品(颗粒硅钙钾肥、微孔矿物肥)替代氯化钾处理使晚稻减产191.5~254.2 kg/hm~2。施氯化钾和40%颗粒硅钙钾肥使晚稻增收574.7和465.7元/hm~2,不溶性钾矿产品部分替代氯化钾均降低晚稻产投比。施钾处理均能够提高晚稻累积吸钾量和吸钾总量。不溶性钾矿产品部分替代氯化钾对晚稻累积吸钾量和吸钾总量效果不明显,对晚稻钾素利用率的提高没有明显效果。南方稻区晚稻生产中不溶性钾矿产品可以部分替代氯化钾,但不能给当季晚稻生产带来良好的经济效益。     

林业“三剩物”的开发利用现状和前景概述

目前国内"三剩物"(采伐剩余物、造材剩余物和加工剩余物)以作为人造板和制浆造纸的原料、制备化学品以及作为直接和间接燃料的形式被利用.国际上林业剩余物能源的研究开发主要集中于气化(使有机物转化成可燃气体)、液化(利用生物发酵或酸水解技术制取乙醇和通过热解等技术转化成液化油)和固化(林业剩余物能源固化成型技术).未来林业"三剩物"的开发利用将集中在:作为木材的替代资源的开发利用;以木材"三剩物"和次小薪材为原料生产加工综合利用产品;林业"三剩物"高品质生物质能源产品的开发.     

禽蛋蛋壳品质无损检测方法研究进展

禽蛋蛋壳品质对于新鲜蛋、种蛋及蛋制品均是重要参数,而实现蛋壳品质的智能化检测是禽蛋生产、经营和加工过程中的必要环节,不仅可保证禽蛋的品质、提高禽蛋的利用率,也是实现禽蛋商品初加工处理自动化和规模化的前提条件,具有实际价值和现实意义。综述了红外光谱技术、机器视觉技术和敲击振动分析技术在禽蛋蛋壳品质无损检测的研究进展,从实际应用角度分析各项技术所存在的问题和难点,并对蛋壳品质在线检测的应用前景进行了展望。     

番鸭蛋壳性状对孵化效果的影响

对番鸭白壳蛋、青壳蛋、砂壳蛋的失重率,蛋壳的矿物成分、厚度和气孔数进行测定,并用扫描电镜观察蛋壳结构,研究它们对孵化效果的影响.结果表明:番鸭白壳蛋的孵化率(89.1%)显著高于青壳蛋(67.4%)(P0.05),极显著高于砂壳蛋(48.7%)(P0.01).青壳蛋孵化率低于白壳蛋的原因不在于壳厚(P0.05),而在于青壳蛋的蛋壳气孔数明显低于白壳蛋(P0.05).砂壳蛋蛋壳结构异常与蛋壳的磷含量显著高于白壳蛋有关.对番鸭蛋壳超微结构的扫描电镜观察发现:番鸭白壳蛋、青壳蛋、砂壳蛋不仅外观有差别,而且在超微结构上也有差别.