The method of chicken whole embryo culture using the eggshell windowing,surrogate eggshell and ex ovo culture system

1. The unique accessibility of the avian embryo have made them an ideal model for the study of development and genome editing. Chicken whole embryo culture has provided important insights into toxicity tests, gene manipulation, clarifying gene functions, cell transplantation and cell tracking.

2. A simple technique for chicken manipulation is eggshell windowing, without or with seal, the latter having demonstrated some improvement in hatching rates.

3. Likewise, a surrogate eggshell system provides an accessible model for manipulation during chicken and quail development, with a higher hatchability compared to the simple windowing method.

4. The development of the chicken ex ovo culture systems in a synthetic environment as an efficient technique for imaging and microsurgery applications has enabled the study of important events of live chicken embryos at a specific time point.

5. This short review illustrates recent applications of well-designed whole embryo culture systems as a robust model for research into numerous biological mechanism, drug discovery, gene manipulating and production of functional proteins.     

Effect of water treatment sludge on growth and elemental composition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) shoots

Abstract

The impact of a water treatment sludge on the fertility of a silt loam soil was assessed by monitoring the yield and elemental composition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) shoots in a greenhouse study. Application of sludge at rates from 2–10% (air dry weight basis) raised the soil pH from 5.3 to 8.0 which enhanced plant growth. A substantial reduction in metal (Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni) uptake was observed with sludge amendments, even at the highest rates. The alkaline nature of this sludge (pH=9.3, calcium carbonate equivalence=53%) suggests its potential use as a liming material for agricultural soils. Overly alkaline conditions should be avoided however, as high application rates combined with ammonia fertilization had an antagonistic effect on plant growth, possibly from P deficiency induced by struvite (MgNH₄PO₄) formation.     

自然孵化与换壳培养鸭胚胎碱性磷酸酶活性的研究

为了探讨碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)对鸭胚胎钙代谢的影响,分别测定了自然孵化(对照组)和换壳培养(试验组)至14d、16d、18d、20d、22d、24d、26d、28d鸭胚胎腿骨和血浆中的ALP活性和腿骨中ALP比活性。鸭胚胎腿骨和血浆中ALP活性随着胚胎日龄的增加迅速上升(P<0.01),同一日龄的ALP活性实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。腿骨中ALP比活性的变化与ALP活性相似,第22d以后实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果表明,骨组织和血浆中ALP活性以及腿骨组织中ALP比活性可以在一定程度上反映鸭胚胎发育过程中钙的代谢情况;鸭胚胎体外培养缺钙现象主要发生在胚胎培养的后期。     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

为研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。础饲日粮为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg一水硫酸锌(以锌计),处理2组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理3组饲喂基础饲粮+40 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理4组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg锌(一水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半)。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计)能显著降低平均破蛋率、提高平均蛋壳强度(P<0.05)和明显提高平均蛋壳厚度,并且平均死亡率最低,但对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

鸭血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）基因表达及对蛋壳颜色的影响

以35周龄产绿壳蛋巢湖鸭、产白壳蛋巢湖鸭以及樱桃谷鸭为素材,采集每只鸭的肝脏和输卵管子宫部,提取总RNA进行cDNA反转录,利用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）方法检测样品中血红素加氧酶（heme oxygen-ase,HO-1）基因的表达水平,分析不同品种、品系间及同一品种不同器官中HO-1mRNA的表达差异。结果显示：不同品种间,HO-1基因在肝脏组织中相对表达量无显著差异（P〉0.05）,在子宫组织中表达量巢湖鸭极显著高于樱桃谷鸭（P〈0.01）。不同品系间,HO-1基因在肝脏组织中相对表达量无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;巢湖鸭2个品系在子宫中的相对表达量差异不显著,但均显著高于樱桃谷鸭。在同一品种内,HO-1基因在肝脏组织中的相对表达量均极显著高于子宫组织（P〈0.01）。     

基于计算机视觉和声学响应信息融合的鸡蛋裂纹检测

为了提高对鸡蛋裂纹识别的准确性,建立利用计算机视觉和声学响应信息融合技术检测鸡蛋裂纹的系统,首先采集和分析鸡蛋被敲击后的声音信号,提取了4个特征频率、偏斜度平均值和崤度平均值共6个特征参数,作为人工神经网络的输入量,创建了结构为6-15-1的3层BP神经网络模型判别鸡蛋裂纹。其次,利用计算机视觉系统获取鸡蛋表面图像,提取了区域面积、圆形度、区域长径、短径和长短径之比共5个特征参数,作为BP人工神经网络的输入量,创建了结构为5-10-1的3层BP神经网络模型识别鸡蛋裂纹。最后,根据计算机视觉与声学响应技术检     

杨黄代用料栽培初探

阐述了杨黃的资源分布状况、生活习性和主要形态特点,介绍了杨黃人工驯化栽培的方式、方法及其栽培技术要点。     

黑水鸡卵壳超微结构的扫描电镜观察

黑水鸡卵壳的扫描电镜观察表明,壳膜层由膜带状,沟状和线状纤维构成。纤维上有球状、茬状芽突和纤维孔,有的纤维伸向锥体内,可能参与气孔的形成;乳锥层的锥体为多角形,锥突有盘状花瓣状多种形态,有纤维锚连其上,锥核也有多种;柱状层气孔管内有球形塞和膜状横隔,有助于控制气流;表层下尚有块状结晶层。