宫炎净对奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果研究

应用宫炎净对奶牛临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎进行了治疗研究．结果表明，宫炎净治疗临床型乳房炎具有明显的效果，治愈率高达８４．６％，高于青、链霉素的治疗效果（７５．０％）．通过对病原菌的分离、鉴定表明，宫炎净对乳房炎病原菌有显著的抑杀作用，对链球菌类病原菌效果更佳．对宫炎净治疗后的隐性乳房炎乳汁在停药后１ｄ、３ｄ进行分析，发现宫炎净可明显降低乳汁内的体细胞数、乳酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶的活性和血清白蛋白的含量，提示了宫炎净治疗后乳腺损伤组织的修复过程     

奶牛酵母菌性乳腺炎的诊治试验

[目的]采用中药方剂治疗经多种抗生素治疗无效的奶牛乳腺炎。[方法]从牛奶中分离病原真菌,进行药敏试验,确诊后使用自制"乳消汤"开展临床治疗。[结果]20例奶牛中,19例确诊为酵母菌性乳腺炎,经治疗后除1例热带念珠菌病例外全部痊愈。[结论]该研究中自制中药方剂"乳消汤"可用于酵母菌性乳腺炎的治疗。     

Inflammation-related changes in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in bovine mastitis

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study.     

Investigation of Biofilm Formation,Virulence Genes and agr Typing of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis Cases

The objective of the present study was to investigate the biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and agr genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and to analyze the correlations between agr genotypes and virulence genes. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes for 336 strains of S. aureus were detected by microtiter plate method, disk diffusion method, and PCR respectively, and the agr typing of tested strains was determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that all 336 strains of S. aureus from bovine mastitis were biofilm producers, among which 52.1% and 47.9% of isolates tested were moderate (++) and strong (+++) biofilm producers, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that S. aureus strains were highly resistant to penicillin, with a resistance rate of 91.7%, followed by erythromycin (89.6%), kanamycin (72.9%), clindamycin (66.7%) and gentamicin (60.4%). However, all isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. PCR results showed that the prevalence of fnbA gene was the highest (99.7%), followed by icaD (98.2%), icaA (89.6%), clfA (86.0%), cna (56.0%), and bap (14.6%) genes. Moreover, the sea, seb, sec and tst genes were found in 26.5%, 8.3%, 6.8% and 8.3% of the isolates, respectively. The agr typing results showed that S. aureus strains belonging to agr Ⅰ was predominant in our study, accounting for 77.1% of the isolates, and the frequencies of agr Ⅱ, agr Ⅲ and agr Ⅳ genotypes were 14.0%, 4.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the strains of S. aureus belonging to agr Ⅰ genotype have the potential to carry more virulence genes, while no toxin genes could be found in any of the strains belonging to agr Ⅳ. The results revealed high antimicrobial resistance to common antimicrobial agents in S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples. Moreover, agr Ⅰ was the predominant genotype with diverse toxin genes in S. aureus from bovine mastitis, and the potential hazard should be of concern.     

张家口地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎的流行特点

在春夏秋冬四个不同的季节采集张家口地区奶牛的奶样,通过CMT法检测奶牛隐性乳腺炎的发病率。结果个体阳性平均率为52.3%,阳性乳区平均率为19.2%,奶牛隐性乳腺炎的发病率与季节没有明显的相关性、与胎次呈正相关,后乳区的阳性率明显高于前乳区。     

夏季奶牛乳房炎的综合防治措施

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛生产的一项重大疾病,是奶牛生产中的常见病和多发病,尤其在夏季发病率很高。笔者通过查阅大量文献资料和总结自身实践经验,对夏季奶牛乳房炎的有效防治进行综述,以供同行参考。     

Association of BoLA-DRB3 alleles identified by a sequence-based typing method with mastitis pathogens in Japanese Holstein cows

The association of the polymorphism of bovine leukocyte antigen ( BoLA-DRB3 ) genes identified by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis caused by pathogenic bacteria was investigated. Blood samples for DNA extraction were collected from 194 Holstein cows (41 healthy cows and 153 mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows infected with 2 or 3 species of pathogens) from 5 districts of Chiba prefecture, Japan. Sixteen BoLA-DRB3 alleles were detected. The 4 main alleles of DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 constituted 56.8% of the total number of alleles detected. Mastitis cows were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with single-infection cows and group 2 with all mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows. The differences in the frequencies of BoLA-DRB3 alleles and the number of cows homozygous or heterozygous for each BoLA-DRB3 allele between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows were evaluated. Furthermore, similar comparisons were performed between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows for each mastitis pathogen. It was considered that the 4 alleles, namely, DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 had specific resistance and susceptibility to 4 different mastitis pathogens. Thus, DRB3*0101 might be associated with susceptibility to coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Escherichia coli , and DRB3*1501 might be associated with susceptibility to Escherichia coli . However, DRB3*1101 might be associated with resistance to Streptococci and coagulase-negative Staphylococci , and DRB3*1201 , with resistance to Streptococci , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus .     

复方中药制剂对奶牛临床型乳房炎的疗效试验

选用复方中药制剂和两药(乳酸环丙沙星注射液)对29头临床型乳房炎患牛进行对比治疗试验,结果表明:中药制剂和环丙沙星的临床治疗有效率分别为80%和70%;从血常规方面比较,中药治疗组奶牛血样中的WBC、LYM等炎症指标显著低于西药治疗组(P＜0.05),而HGB、MCH、MCV等指标则显著高于西药组(P＜0.05).说明该复方中药制剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果明显优于环丙沙星.     

鉴别显色培养基在奶牛乳房炎病原菌快速鉴定中的应用

为研发用于奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌分离鉴定的鉴别显色培养基,并检验其与普通分离鉴定培养基辅以生化鉴定和16S rRNA核酸序列测定两种传统方法鉴定结果的一致性,笔者以生物信息学方法筛出各种属细菌的特异性酶、可作为唯一碳源发酵产酸的碳源,然后合成酶显色底物,连同碳源、酸碱指示剂制备显色培养基,将各种属标准菌株、野生型菌株涂布培养,评估菌落形态、菌落颜色及培养基基质颜色变化。采集隐性乳房炎(CMT法检测)及临床型乳房炎病例的牛奶样品(絮状物、凝块、清亮状或血乳)共计482份,用鉴别显色培养基和两种传统方法进行病原菌的分离、鉴定。鉴别显色培养基上菌落纯化后提取DNA用于16S rRNA序列扩增,产物送去测序(n=194)。以两种传统方法为参考,判定鉴别显色培养基鉴定病原菌的可靠性,用SAS 9.4的FREQ程序计算鉴别显色培养基的简单科恩κ系数。鉴别显色培养基上常见乳房炎病原菌不同种属的菌落形态和培养基基质颜色明显不同,肉眼即可辨别。鉴别显色培养基与两种传统方法鉴定结果的一致性参数分别为κ=0.70、κ=0.96。鉴别显色培养基能够作为常见奶牛乳房炎病原菌的标准鉴定方法。     

乌鲁木齐周边地区奶牛乳房炎沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解乌鲁木齐周边地区奶牛场奶牛乳房炎沙门氏菌的流行与耐药情况,本研究采集了5个牧场300份奶牛乳房炎奶样,进行沙门氏菌的分离、培养,利用荧光PCR方法鉴定,同时对分离出的阳性菌株采用纸片扩散法进行耐药性分析。结果表明：从奶牛乳房炎样品中分离出12株沙门氏菌,分离率4%;耐药性分析表明分离的沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、四环素、多西环素、链霉素耐药率超过50%,对氨曲南、诺氟沙星、多粘菌素B、头孢他啶敏感性大于70%。此外4株沙门氏菌分离株具有多重耐药性。本研究为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了依据。