钼对滇重楼生长、养分和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施钼水平,即0、0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/kg,研究了施钼对滇重楼生长、养分元素含量和根茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施钼相比,施钼显著提高了滇重楼株高、光合速率、生物量和根茎产量,分别以0.4、0.2、0.4、0.2mg/kg处理最高。中低施钼水平（0.2、0.4mg/kg）下,叶和新根茎氮含量呈增加的趋势,高施钼水平（0.8mg/kg）可显著降低叶和新根茎氮含量;施钼降低了叶和新根茎中的磷含量,但增加了地上茎中的磷含量;施钼增加了叶中钾含量,但降低了茎中钾含量。各施钼处理叶、地上茎、新根茎中钼含量均显著高于不施钼处理;随施钼水平的增加,各部位钼含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。与不施钼相比,各施钼处理新根茎中总皂甙含量显著增加,以Mo 0.8 mg/kg处理最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积、钼和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mo 0.2～0.4 mg/kg较为适宜。     

南水北调西线一期工程研究

南水北调西线工程是一项非常宏大的水利工程,工程建设对我国经济发展和社会进步具有十分重要意义。概述了南水北调西线一期工程从论证、超前期规划研究到工程实施的发展过程,介绍了调水工程区地质条件、主要活动断裂及其组合特征,分析了可用水量、存在的主要地质问题以及工程建设对环境和社会的影响,并提出了今后研究应注意的几个问题。     

不同种类中国杉对土壤养分状况的影响

The effects of different types of Chinese fir stand,including those with varous composition (pure and mixed),in various cropping systems (first and continuous cropping system)and at different ages,on the nutrient status of soils the hilly regions of southern Anhui Province were studied by means of ecological sequential comparison on the basis of similar climate and soil type.The work was carried out in the Xiaoxi Forest Farm of Jingxian County and the Caijiaqiao Forest Farm of Jingde Coundy,where the soil is parayellow soil derived from phyllite and sandstone,The results revealed that with the increase of age,Chinese fir pure stand could accumulate organic matter and nitrogen in the soil but it resulted in decreasing of soil pH and base ions(especially Ca^2 ) compared to its mixed stand with broad-leaf trees such as Chinese sassafras,In order to improve the soil fertility,It would be better to mix Chinese fir with broad-leaf trees when afforestation In the management of Chinese fir pure stand,base compounds and phosphates should be added to the soil for mintaining soil fertility and raising and raising forest productivity.     

贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价

应用SPSS统计软件,对贵州全省70个茶园土壤样品8项养分指标进行主成分分析,按累计贡献率达到85%以上提取了4个主成分,并求出各土壤养分的4个主成分综合得分。并对综合得分以欧氏距离为衡量土样间差异大小的指标,采用类平均法进行聚类分析。将70个土样分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等级,第Ⅰ类为养分丰富型土壤,其各项养分指标最高,综合得分范围0.63≤F≤1.08,所占比例9.83%;第Ⅱ类为养分较丰富型土壤,其综合得分范围0.10≤F≤0.53,所占比例29.51%,相对Ⅰ类,有机质和全磷含量相对不足;第Ⅲ类茶园土壤肥力一般,其综合得分范围-0.32≤F≤0.02,所占比例36.07%;第Ⅳ类土壤各养分因子均缺乏,为养分缺乏型茶园土壤。     

风干牦牛肉加工过程中水分状态变化及质构相关性分析

为研究风干牦牛肉在加工过程中水分迁移规律,以及与组织结构和质构之间的相关性,该文选取甘肃甘南公牦牛半膜肌,在自然风干60 d中采集样本,采用直接干燥法分析风干牦牛肉含水率的变化,水分活度仪、低场核磁共振仪研究水分活度和水分状态,(hematoxylin-eosinstaining,HE)染色法观察组织结构变化,物性测试仪分析质构特性。结果显示,牦牛肉在风干加工60 d过程中,含水率降低了约60.27%,最终水分活度约达到0.308,降低了约66.73%。30 d时不易流动水峰积分面积降低了约98.12%,40 d后无峰出现,而结合水含量基本不变。随含水率的降低,肌原纤维横截面积、肌纤维直径以及肌间距离均显著降低(P0.05),分别降低了约42.65%、67.15%和61.22%。硬度、内聚性、胶着性和咀嚼性显著升高(P0.05),其中咀嚼性增加了约1 229.16 g,弹性及回复力则显著降低(P0.05)。不易流动水的变化与组织结构及质构各指标间均表现出极显著相关关系(P0.01)。表明牦牛肉在自然冷冻风干过程中不易流动水不断向外扩散蒸发,引起牦牛肉肌纤维收缩和聚集,导致其质构特性发生变化。研究结果可为传统风干牦牛肉加工过程中水分迁移机制以及产品品质控制提供参考。     

Phosphorus,Potassium and Sulfur Interactions in Soybean Plants on a Typic Hapludox

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) has the largest acreage in Brazil where nutrients are provided to crops by formulated fertilizers, which is the most usual method. Under tropical and subtropical conditions, most of the nutrients required by soybean crops are phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), while sulfur (S) is applied in smaller amounts. The P, K, and S interactions under greenhouse conditions using completely randomized blocks in a factorial 3 × 3 × 3 arrangement were evaluated. The treatments were as follows: three P rates (0, 75, and 150 mg P kg^?1); three K rates (0, 150, and 300 mg K kg^?1); and three S rates (0, 50, and 100 mg S kg^?1). The P, K, and S application had a significant influence on the shoot dry weight (SDW) and number of pods per pot (NPP) in contrast with the increase in grain yield (GY) that had positive relationship with K and S rates. These results indicated that both nutrients were the most limiting to GY. In soil and leaves, only the P, K, and S concentrations were modified by the treatments (P, K, and S), but in the grains there was synergism of P rates with Mg concentration unlike K rates with Ca concentration. Physiological components as photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency of water use, and chlorophyll had influence from P and K rates.     

Microbial responses to fluctuation of soil aeration status and redox conditions

 The response of the microbial community to changes in aeration status, from oxic to anoxic and from anoxic to oxic, was determined in arable soil incubated in a continuous flow incubation apparatus. Soil incubated in permanently oxic (air) and/or anoxic (O₂-free N₂) conditions was used as the control. Before experiments soil was preincubated for 6 days, then aeration status was changed and glucose added. Glucose concentration, extractable C, CO₂ production, microbial biomass, pH and redox potential were determined 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h after change of aeration status. If oxic conditions were changed to anoxic, the amount of glucose consumed was reduced by about 60%, and CO₂ production was 10 times lower at the end of incubation compared to the control (permanently oxic conditions). Microbial biomass increased by 114% in glucose-amended soil but did not change in unamended soil. C immobilization prevailed over C mineralization. Redox potential decreased from +627 mV to –306 mV. If anoxic conditions were changed to oxic, consumption of glucose and CO₂ evolution significantly increased, compared to permanently anoxic conditions. Microbial biomass did not change in glucose-amended soil, but decreased by 78% in unamended soil. C mineralization was accelerated. Redox potential increased from +238 to +541 mV. The rate of glucose consumption was low in anoxic conditions if soil was incubated in pure N₂ but increased significantly when incubation was carried out in a CO₂/N₂ mixture. Received: 6 January 1999     

高原地区农村储粮现状及对策

青海省作为全国四大牧区之一,粮食储藏条件差,技术落后,导致部分储粮损失。介绍了农村科学储粮的意义,总结了高原地区农村储粮现状,分析其损失的原因,并提出对策,以期为高原地区科学储粮提供参考。     

受体牛同期发情多因素影响的研究

在进行牛胚胎移植时,为了使移植工作能够集中进行,需要对大批受体牛进行同期发情处理。试验一中,比较了PG法和CIDR＋PG法处理同期发情的2种不同处理方法对同期发情效果的影响;试验二中,用PG法进行同期发情试验研究不同繁殖状况下同期发情的效果;试验三中,同期发情处理方法采用CIDR＋PG法,研究不同营养水平、不同带犊情况因素对受体牛同期发情效果的影响。结果表明：2种不同同期发情处理方法使受体牛同期发情率差异不显著（P〉0.05）;使用PG法进行同期发情试验中不同繁育情况之间同期发情率比较后,显示选择育成牛作为受体牛处理最佳;在同期发情处理方法采用CIDR＋PG法试验中,典型放牧条件下不同营养水平产犊超过3个月同期发情率都显著高于产犊不足3个月的牛。本研究显示不同繁殖状况、营养水平高低、不同带犊情况对受体牛同期发情效果的影响各有差异。     

新疆籽瓜副产物加工利用研究现状及前景

籽瓜是西瓜的分支品种,丰富的籽瓜资源是制作炒瓜子的主要原料。取籽后的籽瓜瓜皮和瓜瓤中含有大量的氨基酸、维生素和矿物质等营养成分,充分利用籽瓜废弃物有利于提高籽瓜产品的附加值。本文介绍籽瓜的营养成分,综述籽瓜副产物加工利用的研究现状,展望籽瓜及其加工产业的发展前景。