Mg-Zn-Al合金的组织稳定性与力学性能

采用金相分析、DSC分析和拉伸测试等手段研究了铝含量对Mg-6Zn合金显微组织、凝固特性和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al合金晶粒相对细小,具有最佳的强度与塑性组合;Mg-6Zn-6Al合金中晶界处存在接近连续分布的粗大鱼骨状金属间化合物Mg17Al12相,导致合金抗拉强度和塑性下降.长时间退火试验表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al具有较高的组织稳定性.因此,Mg-6Zn-2Al合金是Mg-Zn-Al系合金的一个较佳成分组合.     

鹅掌楸不同交配组合子代苗期生长变异及遗传稳定性分析

种间杂交和杂种优势利用是鹅掌楸Liriodendron spp.遗传改良的重要途径。报道了鹅掌楸不同交配类型和不同交配组合子代的生长表现及遗传稳定性,为杂交鹅掌楸品种选育提供参考依据。参试鹅掌楸交配组合39个,分属3种交配类型（种间杂交、种内杂交及回交）,以鹅掌楸自由授粉子代为对照,在3个试验点进行子代测定。通过对各交配组合子代2年生苗进行苗高和地径比较分析。结果表明,就苗期生长量而言,鹅掌楸种间杂交、种内杂交及回交均显著高于对照。其中,种间杂交组合子代生长最好,种内杂交组合子代次之,回交组合优势较小。种间正反交组合间差异不显著,而同一交配类型的不同组合间差异达极显著水平（P〈0.01）。表明在鹅掌楸杂种优势利用时,应重视杂交亲本的选择。同时,利用Eberhart和Russell模型评价了各杂交组合的生长适应性与遗传稳定性,并初选出生长快、适应性强、综合性状较优的组合J×L,而组合BK1×H和Z×WYS1生长较快,但稳定性较差。表5参16     

具有强Allee效应的野生蚊子和绝育蚊子相互作用模型

假设野生蚊子具有强Allee效应,建立了包括野生蚊子和绝育蚊子相互作用的连续时间动力学模型.通过研究系统的动力学性态,包括分析平衡点的存在性、稳定性,发现系统在一定条件下存在双稳定现象,并得到了不同野生蚊子释放策略条件下控制与消灭野生蚊子种群的阈值条件,同时借助数值模拟验证了相关的理论结果.     

CIMMYT's approach to breeding for wide adaptation

Summary The wheat area in developing countries, including China, is around 100 million ha. To address the needs of these very diverse wheat growing areas, CIMMYT has defined 12 wheat mega-environments (ME). A ME is defined as broad, not necessarily continuous often transcontinental area with similar biotic and abiotic stresses, cropping systems and consumer preferences. The factors describing each ME are presented.CIMMYT's breeding methodology is centered around the development of widely adapted germplasm with high and stable yield across a wide range of environments. Segregating populations are alternating screened in two diverse environments in Mexico. One key requirement is that all germplasm is tested under near optimum conditions for its yield potential. The second one is multi-locational testing of advanced lines at sites that represent a given ME (key locations) and careful screening of germplasm for tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses specific to that environment. This methodology has permitted the pyramiding of a large number of multiple resistance genes for use against a wide spectrum of diseases and tolerance to abiotic stresses within each ME. In addition, the widespread testing of lines allows the identification of traits which are beneficial in several environments. Data from international nurseries are used to further delineate environments within an ME. This approach has proven to be successful since around 70% of the spring wheat area in developing countries (excluding China) is planted to varieties derived directly or indirectly from CIMMYT germplasm. The performance of the bread wheat cultivar Pastor in international trials is given as an example for a wide adaptation.     

Durum wheat varieties in N‐deficient environments and organic farming: a comparison of yield,quality and stability performances

Stability and reliability of yield and quality for 15 durum wheat genotypes (old and modern) were evaluated in a 5‐year experiment (southern Italy) in organic farming. Genotypes were grown at two N levels (0 and 80 kg/ha), with the aim of evaluating ‘genotype × environment’ (GE) interactions and their role on genotype selection in N‐limited environments. Several approaches to stability were used, within the frame of mixed models and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis, and their validity in stressful conditions and organic farming was discussed. Especially for protein and gluten content, results indicate high environmental variability and the presence of crossover ‘N × environment’ interactions, which supports the need for specific breeding programmes in N‐deficient environments. The average response was strongly affected by N availability (on average, yield was 2.95 and 3.42 t/ha, protein content was 11.6% and 12.85%, gluten content was 8.55% and 9.92%, respectively, at 0 and 80 kg N/ha), and few genotypes gave high yield and quality at both fertilization levels. Only ‘Gargano’ and ‘Fortore’ showed a good inter‐year stability at both N levels. The old cultivars gave minimal responsiveness to increased N input, but gave good results in limiting conditions, indicating that they may play a role in organic farming.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers for genetic analysis in micropropagated plants of Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Four years' old micropropagated plants regenerated by enhanced axillary branching from shoot buds of a single genotype of Robinia pseudoacacia were characterized by RAPDs. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was carried outusing 19 random 10-mer DNA primers and 286 RAPD bands were examined which showed 30% polymorphism. Similarity indices ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 among different plants based on RAPD data. The UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on similarity indices which showed clustering of different plants into subgroups based on similarity values. Our results suggest that somaclonal DNA sequence variations are present even when organized cultures such as shoot buds were used as explant for micro-propagation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

预酸化处理制作发酵香肠工艺的研究

制作发酵香肠时,加入适量的食用乳酸,可以降低原料肉的pH值,抑制部分杂菌的生长繁殖,保证发酵的稳定性。通过试验确定的最佳工艺条件为:食用乳酸0.1%,球菌、杆菌、霉菌的质量比为3∶1∶6,发酵温度为18℃左右。     

不同因素对磨盘柿色素稳定性的影响

通过对磨盘柿果实色素的乙醇提取液进行不同处理 ,对果实色素的稳定性进行了研究。在阳光直射 5d以内、室内自然光照射 2 5d以内或在室内避光保存 30d以内的条件下 ,磨盘柿色素在可见光区的最大吸收波长未发生改变 ,但吸光值降低 ,柿色素保留率在 6 0 %以上 ;80℃以上的高温对柿色素有破坏作用 ,但 6 0℃ ,2h以内的高温条件下柿色素的稳定性良好 ;柿色素溶液在pH 6～ 11范围内呈稳定状态 ;供试的 9种金属离子中 ,铁离子对柿色素的稳定性影响最大 ,0 12 5mmol·L-1以上的铁离子使柿色素溶液变浑浊 ,出现沉淀 ,Cu2 + ,Ca2 + 和K+ 次之 ,而Al3 + ,Na+ ,Zn2 + 和Mg2 + 影响较小。质量分数为 1%的苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾对柿色素稳定性影响不大 ;而质量分数为 2 %的VC对柿色素有保护作用。在加工利用和保存柿色素时 ,需提供有利柿色素的稳定条件 ,才能保持柿色素的营养价值。     

高稳系数法在杂交粳稻新品种高产稳产性分析评价中的应用

采用高稳系数法(HSC),对2009年河南省粳稻联合区试中的4个杂交粳稻新品种(系)进行了高产稳产性综合分析。结果表明,焦杂粳1号是聚合了高产稳产基因的优良杂交粳稻新品种(系);新粳优1号的丰产性较好,具有一定的稳产性,适应范围较窄,环境的变化对其产量有一定的影响;X65003稳产性较好,具有较高的丰产性,适应性广,对环境和栽培条件的要求不严格;9优418(CK)适应范围较窄,对环境因素变化反应较敏感,产量变异性较大,在生产推广中要注意区域示范,选用适宜栽培区域,加强栽培及环境因子的调控等。     

轻型门式刚架结构中关于稳定分析问题的探讨

针对现行《门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程》（CECS 102:2002）中关于稳定分析的部分条款,通过大量系统的有限元分析,指出上述条款中存在的问题,并提出改进的建议：1）对单跨门式刚架变截面柱计算长度系数的取值提出了修正,并扩充了取值范围;2）对带摇摆柱门式刚架变截面柱计算长度放大系数的公式提出了修正;3）对工字形截面构件腹板有效宽度系数的公式提出了修正;4）提出了新的风吸力下冷弯薄壁檩条稳定承载力计算公式.以上工作为《上海市轻型钢结构技术规程》的修订提供了理论依据.