Placement of bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus

A mature Thoroughbred gelding that was used as a high level jumper presented for evaluation of a nonweightbearing forelimb lameness following a fall. Radiographs revealed a complete, noncomminuted, minimally displaced sagittal fracture of the greater tubercle. Supporting limb laminitis was a major concern in the short term based on the severe lameness at presentation. Open reduction with internal fixation was chosen over stall rest in an attempt to more rapidly return the weightbearing function to the limb. The procedure was performed standing and 3 bone screws were placed standing in an attempt to avoid implant or catastrophic bone failure that can accompany recovery from general anaesthesia. The day following surgery the lameness was significantly improved as the horse was able to bear some weight on the heel. The gelding was discharged 5 days following surgery and was fully weightbearing at the walk. Six months following surgery the horse was free of lameness and resumed training. This report describes our experience and rationale in placing bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a greater tubercle fracture.     

喷雾干燥法浓缩乳清蛋白的工艺参数研究

干酪副产物乳清进行超滤浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾干燥制备成浓缩乳清蛋白,通过对喷雾干燥的进口温度、料液温度、入料流量3个因素进行单因素和正交试验分析,确定了对浓缩液喷雾干燥的最佳工艺参数为：进口温度为140℃,料液温度为30℃,入料流量7%,制得的浓缩乳清蛋白与市售产品进行加热,利用激光粒径分析仪测定产品的粒径分布对比热稳定性,试验制得的浓缩乳清蛋白溶解性、分散性俱佳。     

陇东雨养农区紫花苜蓿叶片氮、磷、钾重吸收与生物固氮的偶联关系

叶片养分重吸收是植物提高养分利用效率、增强环境适应性的重要机制之一,易受多种因素影响。在豆科植物中,养分重吸收与生物固氮有何关联尚不可知。为揭示养分重吸收与生物固氮间的偶联关系,以陇东雨养农区已建植2、4、7、11和14年龄的陇东苜蓿草地为对象,测定了叶片N、P、K浓度及δ¹⁵N,分析了叶片N、P、K重吸收效率(NRE、PRE和KRE)、重吸收度(NRP、PRP和KRP)及其与生物固氮率的关系。随紫花苜蓿建植年龄增长,叶片NRE、PRE呈先增大后减小的趋势,NRE和PRE分别为36.5%(28.4%~43.4%)和52.6%(38.1%~68.2%),其中7年龄苜蓿的NRE和PRE最高;2、11和14年龄苜蓿KRE为17.8%(23.0%~27.5%),但4和7年龄为负值。随紫花苜蓿年龄变化,叶片NRP、PRP和KRP均无明显变化趋势。随紫花苜蓿年龄增长,生物固氮率先降低后升高,平均固氮率为51.0%,其中7年龄苜蓿的最低。紫花苜蓿生物固氮率与叶片NRE、PRE和KRP负相关,但与叶片KRE、NRP和PRP不相关。紫花苜蓿生物固氮与叶片的氮、磷、钾重吸收存在偶联关系,对氮、磷重吸收效率和钾重吸收度有显著影响。     

草地早熟禾根际固氮菌的生物效能

利用乙炔还原法、比色法等对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)根际分离得到的21个固氮菌株进行固氮酶活性、溶磷能力和分泌植物生长素性能的研究测定,在固氮酶活性测定中,21个菌株还原C2H2产生的C2H4在39.9～227.5 nmol·mL-1·h-1,大于100 nmol·mL-1·h-1的有14株,占所分离固氮菌株的67%;菌株的溶磷强度在13.38～58.21 μg·mL-1,其中菌株N4 、N16及N20溶磷能力较强;菌株N2、N4、N5、N10、N14、N16、N17及N20具有较强的分泌植物生长激素的能力。     

半干旱地区禾-豆混播草地生物固氮作用研究

 本研究以羊草－沙打旺、羊草－兴安胡枝子、羊草－ 花苜蓿和羊草－ 紫花苜蓿混播草地为对象,比较４种豆科牧草在松嫩平原半干旱地区的生物固氮能力、氮素转移能力以及生物固氮量对草地氮产量的贡献。结果表明,羊草－沙打旺、羊草－紫花苜蓿混播草地氮产量显著高于单播羊草草地,草地粗蛋白含量的增加显著改善了草地质量。沙打旺、兴安胡枝子、花苜蓿和紫花苜蓿生物固氮率为３５％～４０％,大气氮是豆科牧草生长不可缺少的氮素来源。豆科牧草向羊草转移氮素２～１２ｋｇＮ／（ｈｍ^２·ａ）,占羊草氮产量的５％ ～２４％。豆科植物的固氮能力增加了草地氮素资源,沙打旺、兴安胡枝子、花苜蓿和紫花苜蓿生物固氮量分别占其混播草地总氮产量的２０．３０％,１７．７８％,１１．２９％和３１．７７％。     

一例金毛犬胫骨斜骨折的髓内针逆向插入法联合钢丝内固定术治疗

通过对一例金毛犬胫骨斜骨折进行内固定术,详细介绍了髓内针逆向插法联合钢丝进行内固定术的手术要点,为同行进行犬胫骨斜骨折内固定术治疗提供参考。     

加味当归四逆壳聚糖喷膜剂的研制

研制加味当归四逆壳聚糖喷膜剂,并且制定生产工艺和质量标准。试验采用水煎法提取处方药材;通过正交试验确定壳聚糖盐酸盐、PVPK-30以及乙醇成膜材料的最佳配比;按照药典相关规定,采用紫外分光光度法测定每瓶总黄酮的含量。成膜材料的最佳配比为壳聚糖盐酸盐1%,3%PVPK-30和40%乙醇。通过TLC鉴定样品含有阿魏酸和芍药苷成分。质量标准中性状为澄清有清凉气味的红棕色液体,总黄酮的含量1.83 mg/mL。以处方为219 mg/mL中药复方,1%的壳聚糖盐酸盐,3%的PVPK-30以及40%的乙醇制备出加味当归四逆壳聚糖喷膜剂,且制定质量标准中样品含有阿魏酸和芍药苷并且每瓶总黄酮含量满足1.83 mg/mL。     

供磷水平对‘热研5号'柱花草-根瘤菌共生体系的影响

为研究不同供磷水平对热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis‘Reyan No.5')-根瘤菌共生体系的影响,利用水培试验对接种7株不同根瘤菌的柱花草进行3个磷浓度的处理,通过对柱花草干重、植株含氮量、根瘤数、固氮酶活性的测定及分析确定磷对共生体系的影响。结果表明:低磷不利于柱花草及根瘤菌共生体系的生长;菌株YM11-1,FS3-1-1在高磷时固氮促生效果最佳,菌株LZ3 2,RJS9-2,BS1-1,CJ1则在中等磷条件下固氮促生效果最佳,磷对菌株PN13-3的影响不大。     

喷雾干燥技术制备饲用乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研究进展

乳酸菌微胶囊技术是将核心菌体包覆于胃不溶、肠溶性的安全、特殊壁材中,可增加菌体对不良环境(胃液、胆盐等)的抵抗力,使其顺利到达肠道以发挥益生作用,且利于储存、加工和运输。利用喷雾干燥技术进行微胶囊制备具有包被速率快、生产成本低、适用于连续化生产等优点,但由于其存在较高进出口风温度及快速脱水过程,对于饲用乳酸菌的微胶囊制备在壁材物质及制备参数等方面具有严格的要求。为此,作者从工艺过程、壁材选择、工艺参数选择及其产品效果分析等方面,对近年来喷雾干燥技术在乳酸菌微胶囊制备方面进行了综述,以期为推动乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研制及其在动物生产中的应用提供依据。     

Improved management of mango fruit though orchard and packinghouse treatments to reduce lenticel discoloration and prevent decay

Mango fruit are exposed to complex postharvest handling management, intended to improve postharvest quality retention during export shipment. Susceptibility to lenticel discoloration and to Alternaria side rots and Phomopsis stem-end rot under current handling conditions led us to re-evaluate and modify the chain of postharvest treatments, from the orchard to the packinghouse. The previously developed hot-water brushing (HWB) treatment was found effective in reducing incidence of Alternaria and stem-end rots, but it significantly induced development of red lenticels. Two factors were key to improving fruit quality, by simultaneously reducing lenticel discoloration and decay development: (a) postharvest water and/or NaOH washes in the orchard, and (b) hot-water spray (HWS) applied over rollers without brushes in the packinghouse. The present results indicate that optimal management involves combinations of water washes in the orchard with packinghouse HWS treatment; this significantly reduced the severity of lenticel discoloration by 50–60%, and the incidence and extent of postharvest side rots caused by Alternaria by 60% or more. These results indicate that appropriate handling of fruit can appreciably improve their quality during prolonged storage and shipment.