草坪过渡带足球场冷地型草坪建植管理技术

在建植了成都、双流、郫县、乐山、达川、隆昌、蒲江、重庆等地足球场草坪的基础上,总结和研究了在该气候带建植冷地型足球场草坪的坪床准备、草种选择、草坪建植、草坪管理的关键技术。并针对足球场草坪的有关问题进行了讨论,提出了今后的研究方向。     

The political ecology of gear bans in two fisheries: Florida's net ban and Alaska's Salmon wars

Parametric management in fisheries, which describes the management of how, where and when fishing occurs, is often essential for achieving sustainability. Changes to these parameters likely have impacts on stakeholders, however, for example through the costs and allocative consequences of spatial restrictions or gear changes. Here, I discuss two cases where gear bans have been implemented or proposed in response to conservation concerns: the commercial net ban enacted in Florida in 1995 and the failed ban on set gill‐nets in parts of Alaska. The two cases are remarkably similar, although the outcomes were quite different because of the social context of each fishery. Lessons from the Florida ban, which resulted in numerous negative social and ecological impacts, are informative regarding the impacts that likely would have accompanied the Alaska ban, had it proceeded. In both cases, the gear bans have had or were poised to have notable impacts on allocation, but scientific evidence for their necessity was limited. These cases show how ethical considerations can be inseparable from the ecological aspects of managing fisheries, and that when communities grapple with the sustainability of fisheries, they are simultaneously seeking to define the socially acceptable uses of those resources. I suggest a set of questions that can be asked when proposing parametric changes to fisheries, including how those changes will impact social well‐being and community resilience. These are questions that I argue must be addressed if both ethical and sustainable fisheries are the goal.     

我国海岛户外运动资源特征及安全标准研究*

随着我国海岛户外运动休闲的发展，对海岛户外运动发展提出了新的要求，海岛户外运动项目相关资源设施、安全标准的规范也应该适应发展的趋势。运用分类比较法、文献资料法、实地考察法、总结归纳法等研究方法，从户外运动的角度对我国海岛分类、地质地貌特征、气候特征及沙滩水质等指标进行分析，进而深入研究我国海岛户外资源指标、特征和户外运动休闲项目，并对我国海岛户外运动安全标准规范内容进行研究，旨在对我国海岛户外体育的健康、规范发展起到一定理论与实际借鉴意义。     

拓展高校体育文化建设新途径

运用文献资料法、调查法、统计法等，对高校师生参与体育文化活动情况进行调查和分析。提出从贯穿“文化本位”思 想、发扬教师参与典范、化整为零，降竞设众、发展体育社团、拓展特色体育文化活动、创设可持续发展的体育文化节、拓展 外向资源、搭建各高校之间体育文化平台、协办大型体育赛事等方面，拓展高校体育文化建设新途径。     

岁时体育元素对提升社区休闲体育文化价值的研究

构建社会主义和谐社区的关键在于营造现代社区民众共同的精神家园。以岁时体育与社区休闲体育的契合进行探讨，分析岁时体育元素对提升社区休闲体育文化价值，旨在丰富社区休闲体育文化内涵，促进社区休闲体育文化发展和营造现代社区情感。     

从国际足联腐败看商业化大潮下国际体育单项组织的监督

在体育商业化大潮下，竞技体育和赞助商结成了经济利益共同体，导致国际体育单项组织的吸金能力越来越强。由于人利己的本性，国际体育单项组织内部的腐败也是不可避免的。保证国际体育单项组织阳光机制是一个紧迫的话题。国际足联的腐败表明：对于国际体育单项组织，借口民间、非营利性而游走于法律真空地带、不接受任何监督的时代应过去了。为此可采取以下有力的外部监督措施：依靠国际体育单项组织所在地或所在国司法部门进行监督；定期公开国际体育单项组织的财务账目，并由独立的审计机构进行审计；充分发挥国际奥委会、国际单项体育联合会总会、国际体育仲裁法庭等的监督作用。     

Survival of smaller sport caught chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), salmon from Lake Michigan and its management implications

Abstract The survival of small-sized (<50.8 cm) chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kitsutch (Walbaum), caught by sport fishing was determined to assess the potential for increasing the size limit for these fish. Fishermen were recently catching smaller salmon than in the 1970s, but salmon growth rates had not changed. To be an effective management option, the survival rate of hooked and returned fish must be high. The overall survival rates were high: 76% for chinook salmon and 70% for coho salmon. There was no significant difference in survival of the coho salmon with size of hook used ( P = 0.31). Any mortality among fish was generally acute; fish hooked deep in the mouth or gills generally bled and died shortly after capture. Fish hooked in the gills had a significantly greater mortality ( P = 0.0002). The overall high survival rate for these species was the result of a small proportion of fish being hooked in the gills or deep in the mouth. Since the survival rate of the salmon was high, the size limit could be increased to allow smaller fish to grow to sizes preferred by sport fishermen.     

板栗短雄花序芽变的主要特征特性研究

本试验就对照与芽变的雄花序形态、雄花开花过程中的营养物质变化、叶片形态、果实性状和物候期等方面进行了比较。结果表明: 芽变类型嫁接繁殖后雄花序仍表现雄花序短(2 07 cm)的特点,果实成熟期较对照早5 d左右,叶绿素含量2 14 mg/g(鲜重)较对照高, 花序在发育期、初开期和盛开期营养状况均优于对照, 单位结果枝着生总苞1 58个, 显著高于对照; 叶片大小、物候期、总苞形态、出实率、坚果大小和坚果品质等方面与对照无显著性别差异。     

‘晚棱’脐橙及其芽变材料南瓜状脐橙果实品质综合评价

以‘晚棱’脐橙及其芽变材料南瓜状脐橙果实为试材,连续3年测定其发育过程中不同时期的横径、纵径、果形指数、单果重、果皮厚度、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、维生素C含量等指标。采用主成分分析法对‘晚棱’和南瓜状脐橙上述10个指标进行分析,综合评价二者的果实品质。结果表明,提取出2个主成分可以反映‘晚棱’和南瓜状脐橙果实品质指标85.843%的信息,根据综合得分式计算,南瓜状脐橙在果实成熟中后期的果实品质优于‘晚棱’。