An assessment of catches and harvest of recreational shore angling in the north of Portugal

Abstract  Recreational shore angling in the Atlantic Ocean between Moledo and Aveiro (Portugal) was examined using roving creel surveys (March/September 2001). Cooperation was high (90% of 2310 anglers approached). At least 39 species of fish were caught at a rate of approximately 0.5 fish angler h⁻¹. An estimated 7319 kg of Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), with 45.6% below the minimum legal size, and 2040 kg of sea breams (genus Diplodus ), correspond to 5.75% and 1.19% of the commercial landings in the same geographical area, respectively. The results shed light on a number of issues relevant to integrated coastal management, including temporal and spatial distribution of fishing effort, species caught, sizes of fish, catch rates, and factors influencing catches and angler satisfaction. Whilst the results suggest that the catches of sea breams and sea bass by day-time recreational shore angling in northern Portugal are small compared with commercial fishing, other recreational activities, such as boat fishing and spear-fishing, must be assessed.     

板栗短雄花序芽变花粉特性研究

本试验从花粉形态、花粉生活力、结实特性和花粉直感等方面对板栗短雄花序芽变进行研究。结果表明:短雄花序芽变、芽变母株和对照花粉中均未发现畸形花粉,芽变和对照花粉的形态相似,但芽变花粉的赤道轴长度明显短于对照花粉。芽变花粉生活力为31.0%,自花结实率为55.4%,均极显著低于对照。用芽变花粉为北京主栽品种燕红授粉后,结实率可达89.1%,其对总苞内坚果的粒数和单粒重有一定程度的花粉直感作用。     

社会建设视野下的我国体育社团研究述评

改革开放30年,中国已进入以社会改革为主导的改革阶段,社会建设被提到重要议事日程,培育公民社会,发展社会组织将成为改革的主题。这预示着我国将迎来体育社团发展的大好机遇,同时也孕育着我国体育社团研究的新的方向。以文献研究为主要方法,经特定背景的引入,概要地回望了我国体育社团研究的进展,评述了代表性的主流学术观点,并通过“是什么”和“为什么”;跳出圈外反观圈内;信号：管半分离是不可逆转的大趋势;底层群体与草根体育组织;寻求研究方法的突破等的几点思考,对我国体育社团研究进行了前瞻。     

Genetic connections between dressage and show-jumping horses in Dutch Warmblood horses

Abstract

During the last decades, the breeding practice within the Dutch Warmblood studbook (KWPN) has resulted in an increasing specialisation of horses into show-jumping (JH) and dressage (DH). The objective of this study was to describe the effect of the specialisation on the connectedness between the subpopulations of JH and DH horses registered by KWPN. The subpopulations comprised 23,800 JH horses and 18,125 DH horses, born between 1995 and 2009. Genetic similarity (GS), genetic pool in common (GC_x) based on the marginal genetic contribution of common ancestors and coefficient of relationship (r) between and within subpopulations were analysed in three periods of time to describe changes in genetic connectedness between subpopulations. A decline in GS (0.97–0.45), GC_0.5 (0.69–0.13) and r (0.018–0.014) in the recent years was observed. Both subpopulations have a common genetic pool; however, if the specialisation process continues, it will result in two unrelated (genetic) groups.     

L分布及其应用

给出了Ｌ分布的定义，求得了Ｌ分布的数学期望和方差，并利用最大曲率点对Ｌ分布所描述的增长过程进行了阶段划分，还利用Ｌ分布曲线对作物害虫的羽化进度进行了拟合。     

低频振动筛的运动分析

在清田整地机械的研究中，设计了低频振动筛装置，可将田间的残膜和残茬清除。该装置将残膜和残茬与土壤分离，并且将分离出的物料向后输送至收集装置。为此分析筛面上物料的运动规律；研究低频振动时物料的分离和输送特性；确定低频振动筛的参数选择范围。     

和谐社会建设中我国农村居民体育需求问题研究

通过文献资料调研、问卷调查等方法,研究了和谐社会建设中我国农村居民体育需求的特点、原因及发展机遇。 我国农村居民体育需求基本处于满足基本生理需求层面,具有支付能力的享受和发展层面的体育需求还处于较低水平。农村居民低消费水平决定了低体育消费。农村居民生活水平不高是制约体育需求水平发展的根本原因。在构建和谐社会中新农村建设为我国农村体育需求的发展提供了政策支持,城市化建设为我国农村体育需求提供了发展方向。构建和谐社会中农村体育建设主要应以政府投入建设公共体育设施为主,同时,进一步提高农民收入,改变农村居民消费观念,培育多元化消费主体,致力于使广大农村居民的体育需求向更高层次即享受与发展方向发展。     

Effects of Supplemental Oil on the Sport Performance,Plasma Antioxidant Capacity and other Metabolic Index of Yanqi Horse

This test mainly studied the effects of supplemental different levels of oil on the performance, plasma antioxidant capacity and other metabolic index of Yanqi horse.9 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance, body weight, body measurement, age.The control group was fed with basal diet.Horses in the groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with diet supplemented with 2.5% and 5% of oil.All horses were participated in 20 km racing, on the 20th day.Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate of all horses were measured, 30 min after the racing.Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein.The results showed that the heart rate value of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were highly significant lower than control group (P<0.01), 0 min after the racing.The group Ⅱ was highly significantly lower than control group (P<0.01), 5 min after the racing.The plasma GSH-Px and T-SOD activity of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ compared with the control group respectively increased by 87.60%(P<0.05), 15.87%(P>0.05) and 98.38%(P<0.05), 38.25%(P<0.05);The plasma MDA and LA concentration of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ compared with the control group respectively decreased by 53.44% (P<0.05), 24.08%(P<0.05) and 51.42% (P<0.05), 25.08%(P<0.05).In conclusion, the performance and antioxidant capacity of Yanqi horse could be improved by the basal diet added different levels of oil.The physiological function of Yanqi horse could be fast recovery after the racing.Compared, added 5% oil feed supplement was especially effective.     

‘金冠’苹果与其无锈芽变的果皮性状比较和防锈技术研究

 为了阐明‘金冠’苹果果锈形成的时间与原因,探索防止果锈形成的方法,以‘金冠’及 其无锈芽变品种‘丰帅’为试材,利用体视显微镜和扫描电镜观察了果面果锈形成过程,测定了果皮色 素和次生代谢产物组分和含量。结果表明,花后4 周‘金冠’苹果果面尚无肉眼可见的果锈时,表皮细 胞蜡质层已经开裂、脱落;花后5 周表皮细胞角质层大量开裂,细胞壁木栓化;花后6 周,大量果锈出 现在果实表面。据此推断,花后4 ~ 6 周是‘金冠’苹果果锈形成的关键时期。另一方面,‘丰帅’果皮 叶绿素和类萝卜素含量显著低于‘金冠’,而总黄酮和绿原酸含量显著高于‘金冠’,特别是在花后4 ~ 6 周。花后4 周利用0.05 ~ 5 mmol · L-1 外源绿原酸处理,可以显著降低‘金冠’果皮果锈指数,且对果实 品质没有不良影响。因而,适当浓度外源绿原酸可望用于苹果防锈实践。