Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma with a Sarcomatoid Growth Pattern and Signet-Ring-Like Structure in a Female F344 Rat

We report a biphasic malignant mesothelioma in an aged female F344/DuCrlCrlj rat. Macroscopically, multiple pale brown nodules were observed in the abdominal cavity with retention of bloody ascites. Histopathologically, the tumor cells spread over the peritoneum and formed masses on the surface and underlying adipose tissues. The tumor cells dominantly proliferated in a solid, nodular or nest-like pattern with modest amount of fibrillar connective tissues, which contained hyaluronan. The tumor consisted of ovoid, polygonal or spindle-shaped cells that possessed eosinophilic cytoplasms including glycogen; some tumor cells showed a signet-ring-like structure. Multinucleated cells and mitosis were found frequently, and direct invasion to intra-abdominal organs and intravascular metastasis to the liver were observed. Immunohistochemically, keratin and mesothelin were strongly positive in most of tumor cells, while vimentin was mainly positive in spindle-shaped cells. Podoplanin was also positive, particularly in the cell membrane of tumor cells. Electron microscopically, tumor cells showed an intercellular desmosome-like structure, basement membrane and microvillus. We diagnosed the case as a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with a sarcomatoid growth pattern and signet-ring-like structure.     

Placement of bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus

A mature Thoroughbred gelding that was used as a high level jumper presented for evaluation of a nonweightbearing forelimb lameness following a fall. Radiographs revealed a complete, noncomminuted, minimally displaced sagittal fracture of the greater tubercle. Supporting limb laminitis was a major concern in the short term based on the severe lameness at presentation. Open reduction with internal fixation was chosen over stall rest in an attempt to more rapidly return the weightbearing function to the limb. The procedure was performed standing and 3 bone screws were placed standing in an attempt to avoid implant or catastrophic bone failure that can accompany recovery from general anaesthesia. The day following surgery the lameness was significantly improved as the horse was able to bear some weight on the heel. The gelding was discharged 5 days following surgery and was fully weightbearing at the walk. Six months following surgery the horse was free of lameness and resumed training. This report describes our experience and rationale in placing bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a greater tubercle fracture.     

农用水泵轴断裂故障分析与工艺改进

农用水泵轴在使用过程中部分出现早期断裂,为了找出水泵轴早期断裂的原因,采用直读光谱仪、扫描电镜、金相显微镜、布氏硬度计和冲击试验机等仪器对断轴的化学成分、宏观断口、显微组织、硬度及冲击功进行了综合分析。分析结果认为,结构设计不合理,表面氧化脱碳以及水泵断轴显微组织存在呈魏氏组织形态的铁素体是导致水泵轴在服役时早期疲劳断裂的主要原因。按照分析的结论,通过增大轴肩处预留圆角尺寸,采用水泵轴热处理炉内气氛保护及提高水泵轴淬火加热温度与冷却速度等改进和优化生产工艺的方法,解决了水泵轴在使用过程中出现早期断裂的问题。该文对提高农业机械产品质量控制和水泵关键零件设计与加工具有重要的参考价值。     

加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响

目的 观察加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响。方法 选取本院接受股骨颈骨折手术的老年患者60例,随机分为加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）组和对照组,每组30例。ERAS组采用加速康复外科护理措施,对照组采用传统围手术期护理措施,比较两组住院时间、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症发生情况以及术前1天和术后第7天的简明精神状态量表评分。结果 与对照组比较,ERAS组术后住院时间缩短,术后疼痛评分降低,切口感染、肺部感染、恶心呕吐等并发症发生率降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;ERAS组术后髋关节功能Harris得分评级优于对照组（P=0.021）;ERAS组POCD发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.046）。结论 加速康复外科护理可安全应用于老年患者股骨颈骨折术围手术期管理,可以促进术后恢复、缩短住院天数、减少并发症的发生,降低POCD发生率,值得临床推广。     

水轮机顶盖部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度分析

针对水轮发电机组由于顶盖连接螺栓断裂而导致水淹厂房等严重事故的问题,建立了某电站实际顶盖及螺栓的模型并进行有限元分析.基于Ansys,采用有限单元法求解静力学基本方程,计算得到各种工况下螺栓的应力分布;研究了某混流式水轮机顶盖全部螺栓正常工作时的强度,对部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度进行了分析,对比了螺栓在断裂数量为1,2,4,8根以及断裂位置为90°对称分布、邻近分布、180°分布时的应力情况.计算结果表明:部分螺栓断裂后,由于偏载和突变,其余螺栓的最大应力值都会升高;螺栓断裂个数越多,断裂螺栓的分布位置越邻近,则其余螺栓强度越不足.当断裂螺栓数量为4根且处于邻近分布位置时,剩余螺栓的最大应力为744.03 MPa,十分接近螺栓材料的极限容许应力744 MPa;当断裂螺栓处于邻近分布位置且数量达到8根时,剩余螺栓的最大应力达776.21 MPa,增幅达19.69%,已远远超过材料极限容许应力,威胁电站安全运行.     

泾河南塬黄土的渗透特征及孕灾机制

[目的]分析泾河南塬黄土的渗透各向异性特征,并探讨该地区滑坡的孕灾机制,以期为黄土分布区雨水入渗型滑坡的灾害防治提供指导。[方法]通过野外调查和渗透试验,分析该地区裂隙土以及不同土层的渗透特征。[结果]裂隙土的渗透系数远大于均质土,裂隙的存在为水的入渗提供优势渗流通道。不同土层渗透系数对比表明,马兰黄土因大、中孔隙多以及节理裂隙发育,其渗透系数最大,而古土壤的渗透系数最小。[结论]泾河南塬黄土具有明显的渗透各向异性,水与裂隙共同作用已成为该地区的一种恶性灾害链模式。     

Surgical repair of radial carpal bone fractures in two racehorses

A 3-year-old Standardbred gelding (Case 1) and a 2-year-old Thoroughbred gelding (Case 2) were referred for surgical evaluation of a left radial carpal bone (RCB) fracture, sustained during training. Clinical findings at the time of initial examination included a palpable effusion within the left middle carpal joint in both horses and marked signs of pain and reduced range of motion on flexion of the affected carpus. In both horses, the RCB fracture was evident on the following radiographic views of the carpus: dorsolateral–palmaromedial oblique (30° off lateromedial) and flexed lateromedial. An additional loose wedge-shaped osteochondral fragment at the proximal articular surface of the RCB could be seen in Case 2. Both horses underwent surgical reduction and repair of the fracture between 1 and 2 days following the initial injury, which consisted of arthroscopic removal of any intra-articular osteochondral fragments, and arthroscopic assisted-interfragmentary compression via a standard dorsomedial and dorsolateral approach to the antebrachiocarpal joint (ACJ) and middle carpal joints (MCJ). The two horses returned to function as racehorses, 6 months (Case 1) and 16 months (Case 2) after surgery. The RCB is a relatively uncommon site for large carpal fractures in horses. The clinical presentation and findings from this report were similar to that of third carpal bone (C3) slab fractures, confirming that surgical repair is indicated in selected cases of RCB fractures.     

Computed tomography assisted repair of a central tarsal bone slab fracture in a horse

A 13‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was presented for repair of a central tarsal bone fracture. Radiographs showed a single large nondisplaced sagittal slab fracture; however, computed tomography (CT) revealed an additional small, displaced central tarsal bone fragment. The complex fracture was repaired, under the same anaesthetic period as the CT examination, using the CT hard copies images, intraoperative fluoroscopy and radiographs. The horse recovered well and after rehabilitation showed no residual lameness at work. Computed tomography was instrumental in achieving precise screw placement and successful fracture repair.     

Palmar or plantar process fractures of the distal phalanx in riding horses: 22 cases (1994–2003)

No case series exists in the literature describing palmar/plantar process fractures (PPFs) of the distal phalanx in a nonracehorse population. We aim to describe the distribution of these injuries, together with their clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic features. In a retrospective case study, horses were selected based on radiographic evidence of a PPF. Data were collected relating to clinical and lameness examination, radiography, scintigraphy, management and follow‐up information. Oblique and flexed oblique radiographic views of the distal phalanx are the most sensitive in detecting PPFs of the distal phalanx and this study concluded that fractures of palmar or plantar process are likely to be missed in horses showing mild lameness if oblique radiographic views of the palmar process are not included.     

Computed tomographic diagnosis of incomplete palmar cortical (fatigue) fracture of the third metacarpal bone in two young adult endurance horses

Two young adult endurance horses were presented for investigation of sudden-onset forelimb lameness during competition. Clinical examination revealed a severe forelimb lameness and pain on palpation of the proximal palmar metacarpal area. Initial radiographic survey of the affected forelimb was unremarkable in both cases. A week of box rest resulted in only a mild improvement in the lameness. A second radiographic examination did not reveal any significant abnormalities. In both cases, scintigraphic examination was suggested, but was declined by the owner, and the lameness had significantly improved after local infiltration of 3 mL of anaesthetic solution in the proximal suspensory region. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations of the carpus and proximal suspensory region were unremarkable in Case 2. Case 1 had increased thickness of the medial lobe of the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament. A computed tomographic examination was performed and an incomplete longitudinal (fatigue) fracture of the proximal third metacarpal bone was detected. After 8 months of box rest and rehabilitation, re-examination revealed resolution of the lameness in both cases. Advanced diagnostic imaging should be considered in young endurance horses with severe lameness during competition or training, in which radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations are unremarkable or do not explain the severity of the lameness. Computed tomography imaging is considered a useful diagnostic imaging technique to detect incomplete longitudinal palmar metacarpal cortical (fatigue) fractures due to its ability to provide excellent bone detail.