Catastrophic biaxial proximal sesamoid bone fractures in UK Thoroughbred races (1999–2004): Horse characteristics and racing history

Reason for performing study: Catastrophic biaxial proximal sesamoid bone fractures (PSBF) have not yet been described in detail in the UK racing population. Objectives: To determine the incidence and relative risk (RR) of PSBF in different types of racing in the UK; and to describe horse‐level characteristics and racing histories of horses sustaining these injuries. Methods: Distal limbs were collected from all racehorses suffering catastrophic fractures during racing at all 59 racecourses in the UK, in a prospective study from February 1999 to December 2004. Post mortem investigation identified the anatomical location and type of fracture. Horse, racing history, race and racecourse details were obtained. Characteristics of the horses that sustained PSBF were described. The incidence and RR of PSBF in the different types of racing in the UK were calculated. Results: Thirty‐one horses suffered PSBF during the study period. The incidence of PSBF in all types of race was 0.63 per 10,000 starts (31/494,744). The incidence was highest in flat races on all weather surfaces (1.63 per 10,000 starts: 12/73,467; RR = 4.4 when compared to turf flat racing). Affected horses had an average age of 5.6 years and had started a mean of 28 races at the time of fracture. Conclusion and potential relevance: There is a strong association between type of racing surface and PSBF. Horses competing in flat races on all weather surfaces have an increased risk of PSBF. These fractures appear to happen in experienced horses with several starts, with few fractures occurring within the first season of racing. Further research should focus on identification of underlying pathology of these fractures. Epidemiological studies aimed at the identification of risk factors for PSBF in the UK racing population would require a large number of cases acquired over many years given the relatively low incidence of PSBF.     

Fracture Energy and Strain Softening ofConcrete under Seawater Environment

Both Three Points Bending (TPB) test on notched beams and Wedge Splitting Test (WST) were carried out on concrete specimens under six different conditions, under which they were totally dry, partially dry, water immersed, seawater immersed, 5% and 23.4% NaCl solution immersed, respectively. The fracture energy of each type of concrete and their strain softening curves were calculated according to the force displacement diagrams and inverse analysis method. It was indicated that with water, seawater or salt solution penetrating into concrete, the surface tension of pore liquids in concrete increased, which resulted in the decrease of the surface energy and load bearing capacity of concrete. After water immersed, the maximum bearing loads of specimens’ were reduced by 19.6% (TPB) and 14.5% (WST) compared with those of totally dry concrete. And for those of seawater immersed, 28.9% and 21.7% were reduced respectively. Furthermore, fracture energy of concrete was decreased more than 24% and fracture toughness was reduced significantly as well for concrete with high concentration salt solution, which made crack formation in concrete easier. The adverse influence of seawater on concrete materials had been investigated in detail from the aspects of surface energy, fracture energy and strain softening.     

肱骨近端骨折术后中医骨折三期疗法的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端骨折术后采用中医三期疗法辅助治疗对患者骨折的疗效及肩关节功能恢复的影响。方法 选取本院骨科手术治疗的135例肱骨近端骨折后行锁定钢板固定治疗的患者采用信封法随机分为中医组68例和常规组67例,中医组术后采用中医三期疗法,常规组采用常规康复疗法,对比两组患者术后骨折恢复效果及肩关节功能。结果 中医组的平均愈合时间（6.4±1.5）周显著短于常规组的（7.1±1.5）周,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1周、术后2周中医组的VAS评分显著低于常规组（P<0.05）;中医组患者的肿胀程度优良率89.7%显著高于常规组患者的76.1%（P<0.05）;术后6个月中医组患者的肩关节后伸、外展上举、外旋程度、运动范围、功能及Neer总分均显著优于常规组（P<0.05）。结论 肱骨近端骨折术后采用中医三期疗法辅助治疗有助于骨折愈合,促进肩关节功能恢复。     

黄瓜子和生菜子提取物促进骨折愈合的试验研究

本试验主要研究黄瓜子和生菜子合用促进骨折愈合的作用及其初步机理。将蛋鸡60只,体重1.75～2.25 kg,造成右侧小腿中段横行闭合骨折模型,随机分为数目相等的高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组,阳性对照组和阴性对照组。试验组以不同比例的黄瓜子和生菜子提取物灌胃给药,阳性对照组以麝香接骨胶囊灌胃给药,阴性对照组以生理盐水灌胃,随后对各组进行动态观察、组织学观察、血清学观察和放射学观察。结果显示,黄瓜子和生菜子提取物中剂量组可促进全身代谢反应,提高血清碱性磷酸酶含量,加快血肿吸收机化,提高血钙、磷离子浓度,提高骨痂生成量和强度。结果表明黄瓜子和生菜子提取物可以通过提高钙、磷离子浓度,促进钙、磷向骨折断端转移而对骨折的愈合起到促进作用。     

木材损伤断裂过程的声发射特性与Felicity效应

以2种针叶材、2种阔叶材为试材,研究无缺陷试件和含横纹裂纹试件在弯曲破坏过程中材料内部微结构演化的声发射特性,并利用声发射特征参数对几种损伤类型进行辨识.结果表明:1)无缺陷试件在加载初期声发射事件发展较为缓慢,且出现的主要是一些低振幅的AE信号,而大量高振幅AE信号出现在峰值载荷附近及韧性断裂阶段;2)利用声发射监测含裂纹试件在三点弯曲载荷下的损伤并断裂全过程,可以明显地识别裂纹尖端启裂和扩展的不同阶段;3)声发射信号的特征与损伤模式有关,胞壁断裂对应的AE特征为高幅值、高能量及长持续时间,而胞壁界面损伤与层裂损伤和细胞屈服与压溃损伤对应的AE特征为低幅度、低能量及短持续时间;4)木试件在低载荷水平下呈现Kaiser效应,而在高载荷水平下呈现Felicity效应,应用Felicity比能够较好地反映木结构的损伤程度.     

锯链传动片疲劳试验失效分析

国产锯链在高速空载疲劳试验时出现早期损坏,其寿命比同型号的OREGON锯链短很多。通过化学成分、金相组织、表面硬度及零件制造精度的检测对比分析,认为这是由于国产锯链传动片、连接片和切齿片的制造精度不高,实际孔距尺寸偏大,使得锯链节距大于链轮分度圆节距。这时锯链与链轮的相互位置关系就无法保证,锯链与链轮的啮合状况变坏,传动过程中将产生冲击、滑移窜动、爬高、张力波动等现象,使锯链的负荷成倍增加,尤其是传动片清理齿齿尖部位承受长期反复的冲击载荷,从而导致早期疲劳断裂。提高零件制造精度后,锯链与链轮的啮合状况正常,高速空载疲劳试验寿命达到要求。     

烤烟普通花叶病毒病田间自然传播能力研究

通过田间试验,研究了8类不同有效成分农药对烟草病毒病的防治效果.结果表明:8类参试药剂中除18%抑毒星和0.5%抗毒丰在烤烟生长前期对病毒病的预防有微弱效果外,其他参试药剂对烟草病毒病均未表现出预防效果,烤烟在有病原存在的情况下,施药预防与不施药预防几乎没有区别.     

基于超弱光子辐射评价玉米萌发期耐盐性的方法

为了探索作物萌发期耐盐性评价的无损检测方法,采用100 mmol/L的NaCl溶液形成盐胁迫,研究了NaCl胁迫下2个玉米品种万瑞168号和郑单958号种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的变化规律。结果发现,在正常萌发过程中,2个玉米品种的种子自发光子辐射强度与鲜质量都呈现逐渐增长的趋势,相关系数r分别为0.962 51和0.982 27;在NaCl胁迫下,2个玉米品种的自发光子辐射强度与种子鲜质量的变化也呈现正相关,相关系数r分别为0.983 57和0.991 06,NaCl胁迫对萌发过程中2个玉米品种自发光子辐射和种子鲜质量的升高都有抑制作用。研究还发现,2个玉米品种在LED诱导下的延迟光子辐射也随着萌发进程逐渐增长,NaCl胁迫对2个玉米品种LED诱导下的延迟光子辐射的增长有不同的抑制作用。采用NaCl胁迫下萌发种子自发光子辐射的相对抑制率和延迟光子辐射的相对抑制率评价2个玉米品种萌发期耐盐性的强弱,评价结果与采用NaCl胁迫下种子萌发耐盐指数和储藏物质转运率的评价结果是相同的,表明根据NaCl胁迫下萌发种子自发光子辐射或者延迟光子辐射相对抑制率的大小可以无损伤的诊断与评价玉米萌发期耐盐性的强弱。     

秀珍菇物理保鲜研究

比较了秀珍菇低温保鲜、自发气调保鲜、低温真空综合保鲜以及不同潮次子实体的保鲜效果。结果表明,低温真空综合保鲜效果最佳,能有效地延缓秀珍菇变色、变味,抑制菌柄气生菌丝发生,减少水分损失,可以使秀珍菇保鲜期限超过9d。秀珍菇第一潮子实体与第二潮子实体的保鲜效果无显著差异,但均比第三潮子实体的保鲜效果好。     

INCIDENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF UNUNITED PROXIMOPLANTAR TUBEROSITY OF THE PROXIMAL PHALANX IN STANDARDBRED TROTTERS

Radiographic examination of all four metatarso- and metacarpophalangeal joints was performed on 753 Standardbred yearlings. Ununited proximoplantar tuberosity of the proximal phalanx was seen in 18 (2.4%) of the horses. All ununited tuberosities were in the pelvic limb. The condition was seen laterally in 16 horses while one horse had the medial and lateral tuberosities affected and another only the medial tuberosity. Upon follow-up examination it was apparent that 12 ununited proximoplantar tuberosities in 11 horses had united to the proximal phalanx after 6–12 months. A worsening of the condition was seen in 4 horses, and one horse had unchanged radiographic findings after 7 months. Lameness had not been observed in any horse prior to the first examination.