Abnormalities of the Thoracic Bellows: Stress Fractures of the Ribs and Hiatal Hernia

The thoracic bellows mechanism consists of the rib cage and the diaphragm. The purpose of this study was to determine if nontraumatically acquired lesions of the bellows were secondary to underlying disease. Abnormalities of the bellows, specifically stress fractures of the ribs and hiatal hernia, were found in 21 dogs and cats with underlying cardiopulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, or metabolic disease. A case-control study of Bulldogs demonstrated that hiatal hernia was associated with the more severe manifestations of brachycephalic syndrome. Stress fractures occurred mostly in females and in cats, and involved multiple ribs. Fractures were usually related to severe respiratory effort, but also occurred in association with metabolic disease. Hiatal hernia was also associated with severe respiratory effort, but may be exacerbated if a neuromuscular disorder affecting the diaphragm is present. Abnormalities of the thoracic bellows, such as rib stress fractures and hiatal hernia, may be signs of underlying disease, rather than being primary causes of disease.     

Fracture of the ischium in an eight‐year‐old Arabian gelding: A diagnostic challenge

Proximal hindlimb lameness remains a diagnostic challenge despite modern imaging techniques. In the case described here, a fracture of the ischium produced false negative results on initial ultrasound and scintigraphy examinations, despite a 14 day delay from onset of clinical signs to the time of the nuclear bone scan. However, the history and clinical examination were strongly suggestive of a pelvic injury and this was only confirmed by the use of a novel radiographic technique. False negative findings from diagnostic imaging can, and do, occur, even with high sensitivity techniques such as nuclear bone scans used after an appropriate delay period. Therefore, equal weighting should be given to all facets of a lameness investigation, including the history and clinical examination, while remembering the limitations of any imaging modalities used.     

128层螺旋CT三维重建在外伤骨折成像的临床应用

目的研究128层螺旋CT三维重建在外伤骨折成像中的临床应用.方法对36例外伤患者进行128层螺旋CT扫描及三维重建.结果 128层螺旋CT对各个部位的骨折均能良好显示.结论 128层螺旋CT三维重建不仅精确地显示病变的立体形态,还能详细了解各解剖结构的空间关系,是目前诊断外伤骨折的理想方法.     

广义Paris公式预测沥青路面的疲劳寿命

重复作用的交通荷载可以在路面沥青混合料细微缺陷或裂缝的尖端造成应力集中并以复杂的形式自上而下扩展，最终导致路面的疲劳开裂破坏．本文应用断裂力学的原理探讨沥青路面疲劳寿命的预测方法．计算与分析表明：广义Paris公式可以考虑沥青路面结构内材料复杂的裂缝扩展；沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着面层厚度的增加以近似线性的幂函数的形式增加；另一方面，沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着面层材料模量的降低以负指数的幂函数的形式增加．     

肱骨近端骨折术后中医骨折三期疗法的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端骨折术后采用中医三期疗法辅助治疗对患者骨折的疗效及肩关节功能恢复的影响。方法 选取本院骨科手术治疗的135例肱骨近端骨折后行锁定钢板固定治疗的患者采用信封法随机分为中医组68例和常规组67例,中医组术后采用中医三期疗法,常规组采用常规康复疗法,对比两组患者术后骨折恢复效果及肩关节功能。结果 中医组的平均愈合时间（6.4±1.5）周显著短于常规组的（7.1±1.5）周,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1周、术后2周中医组的VAS评分显著低于常规组（P<0.05）;中医组患者的肿胀程度优良率89.7%显著高于常规组患者的76.1%（P<0.05）;术后6个月中医组患者的肩关节后伸、外展上举、外旋程度、运动范围、功能及Neer总分均显著优于常规组（P<0.05）。结论 肱骨近端骨折术后采用中医三期疗法辅助治疗有助于骨折愈合,促进肩关节功能恢复。     

基于超弱光子辐射评价玉米萌发期耐盐性的方法

为了探索作物萌发期耐盐性评价的无损检测方法,采用100 mmol/L的NaCl溶液形成盐胁迫,研究了NaCl胁迫下2个玉米品种万瑞168号和郑单958号种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的变化规律。结果发现,在正常萌发过程中,2个玉米品种的种子自发光子辐射强度与鲜质量都呈现逐渐增长的趋势,相关系数r分别为0.962 51和0.982 27;在NaCl胁迫下,2个玉米品种的自发光子辐射强度与种子鲜质量的变化也呈现正相关,相关系数r分别为0.983 57和0.991 06,NaCl胁迫对萌发过程中2个玉米品种自发光子辐射和种子鲜质量的升高都有抑制作用。研究还发现,2个玉米品种在LED诱导下的延迟光子辐射也随着萌发进程逐渐增长,NaCl胁迫对2个玉米品种LED诱导下的延迟光子辐射的增长有不同的抑制作用。采用NaCl胁迫下萌发种子自发光子辐射的相对抑制率和延迟光子辐射的相对抑制率评价2个玉米品种萌发期耐盐性的强弱,评价结果与采用NaCl胁迫下种子萌发耐盐指数和储藏物质转运率的评价结果是相同的,表明根据NaCl胁迫下萌发种子自发光子辐射或者延迟光子辐射相对抑制率的大小可以无损伤的诊断与评价玉米萌发期耐盐性的强弱。     

Spontaneous captive breeding and larval development in the green and red variants of the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka 1867)

We report the spontaneous spawning, larval development, survival rate and larval growth rate patterns observed in the green and red variants of the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The green variant adapted well to the captive conditions in the Sasebo City Fisheries Center and spontaneously spawned without any induction or stimulation. One hundred individual green variants spawned nine times and produced approximately 155 million eggs. In contrast, 50 individual red variants showed poor adaptation to captivity and spawned spontaneously only three times, producing about 12 million eggs. Larval development and growth rate pattern was almost identical between the two variants of A. japonicus. In contrast, the larval survival rate for the green variant was over 90% up to the auricularia stage (10 days), but much low (less than 30%) for the red variant. We demonstrated that the green variant of A. japonicus was easier to rear in captivity. This provides a useful method for maintaining sustainable harvests and eventually contributing to restocking and sea ranching of the existing population. Further studies about optimal ecological conditions and behaviour are needed to improve egg production and survival rate of the red variant of A. japonicus.     

神经生长因子对兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响

目的 探讨神经生长因子(NGF)对下颌骨骨折愈合的作用.方法 30只白兔随机分为NGF组和对照组,每组15只;制作右下颌骨骨折模型,立即行钛夹板固定.实验组行NGF 0.4μg/d局部注射,对照组用生理盐水替代.术后第7、14、28天处死,切取下颌骨,利用骨密度仪和钼靶X-测量骨折处骨痂密度和灰度,骨组织切片作形态计量...     

木材损伤断裂过程的声发射特性与Felicity效应

以2种针叶材、2种阔叶材为试材,研究无缺陷试件和含横纹裂纹试件在弯曲破坏过程中材料内部微结构演化的声发射特性,并利用声发射特征参数对几种损伤类型进行辨识.结果表明:1)无缺陷试件在加载初期声发射事件发展较为缓慢,且出现的主要是一些低振幅的AE信号,而大量高振幅AE信号出现在峰值载荷附近及韧性断裂阶段;2)利用声发射监测含裂纹试件在三点弯曲载荷下的损伤并断裂全过程,可以明显地识别裂纹尖端启裂和扩展的不同阶段;3)声发射信号的特征与损伤模式有关,胞壁断裂对应的AE特征为高幅值、高能量及长持续时间,而胞壁界面损伤与层裂损伤和细胞屈服与压溃损伤对应的AE特征为低幅度、低能量及短持续时间;4)木试件在低载荷水平下呈现Kaiser效应,而在高载荷水平下呈现Felicity效应,应用Felicity比能够较好地反映木结构的损伤程度.     

锯链传动片疲劳试验失效分析

国产锯链在高速空载疲劳试验时出现早期损坏,其寿命比同型号的OREGON锯链短很多。通过化学成分、金相组织、表面硬度及零件制造精度的检测对比分析,认为这是由于国产锯链传动片、连接片和切齿片的制造精度不高,实际孔距尺寸偏大,使得锯链节距大于链轮分度圆节距。这时锯链与链轮的相互位置关系就无法保证,锯链与链轮的啮合状况变坏,传动过程中将产生冲击、滑移窜动、爬高、张力波动等现象,使锯链的负荷成倍增加,尤其是传动片清理齿齿尖部位承受长期反复的冲击载荷,从而导致早期疲劳断裂。提高零件制造精度后,锯链与链轮的啮合状况正常,高速空载疲劳试验寿命达到要求。