小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶同工酶转录特点及其启动子序列分析

谷氨酰胺合成酶是小麦氮同化关键酶,分为胞液型和质体型(TaGS2)两类,其中胞液型TaGS又分为TaGS1、TaGSr和TaGSe。为了研究异源六倍体小麦A、B、D染色体组TaGS同工酶表达差异及调控机制,本项目利用三代测序技术测定了TaGS同工酶基因转录水平,依据中国春基因组序列克隆了豫麦49的12个TaGS同工酶启动子,并对其序列进行了分析。结果表明,TaGS1主要由6B染色体基因转录,TaGSe和TaGSr主要由4D染色体基因转录,TaGS2主要由2D染色体基因转录,不同TaGS同工酶转录起始位点距起始密码子ATG的距离不同。启动子元件分析显示,6B染色体上的TaGS1启动子有较多W-box、AC-I、ABRE、as-1和茉莉酸甲酯等响应元件,4D染色体上的TaGSe启动子有较多胁迫响应转录因子(MYB、MBS、LTR等)结合元件和植物生长素响应元件,4D染色体上的TaGSr启动子有较多WRE3等转录因子结合元件,2D染色体上的TaGS2启动子有较多A-box、WRE3、ARE及AT富集区。不同TaGS同工酶启动子顺式元件种类、数目及排列顺序均不同,为进一步研究GS同工酶调控机制奠定了基础。     

黑安格斯牛CEBPA基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

【目的】探究宁夏地区黑安格斯牛CEBPA基因编码蛋白的结构与功能,为我国肉牛分子育种提供参考。【方法】以24月龄健康黑安格斯牛背最长肌组织为材料,使用GenBank中公布的牛CEBPA基因序列,对其CDS区设计特异性引物,进行编码区的扩增、基因克隆、测序,并对编码区进行功能生物信息学分析。【结果】黑安格斯牛CEBPA基因编码区长570 bp,编码189个氨基酸;CEBPA基因编码蛋白质无跨膜结构域,含有1个CpG岛,17个磷酸化位点,7个B细胞抗原表位,4个保守结构域,与bZIP_2蛋白存在重叠区域(113～165 aa),为非分泌型不稳定水溶性蛋白;空间结构以α-螺旋为主;CEBPA蛋白主要位于细胞核中,GO注释分析表明,其可能在生物过程中参与转录调节和DNA模板化,在分子功能中与脱氧核糖核酸结合转录因子活性相关,与亚细胞定位结果相符;在黑安格斯牛中未发现CEBPA共表达基因,但与其他有机体存在10个共表达基因;轮廓隐马尔可夫模型的生物序列同源搜索发现,黑安格斯牛CEBPA基因编码氨基酸序列与InterPro蛋白质数据库存在1 025条结构相似的同源序列,且主要分布在真核生物中;系统发育进化树分析表明,黑安格斯牛与牦牛的亲缘关系最近。【结论】CEBPA基因编码产物可能在细胞材料中发挥生物学作用,与GO注释和CpG岛分析结果一致,可用于CEBPA蛋白功能的研究。     

Cytochrome b gene sequence and structure of Pyrenophora teres and P. tritici-repentis and implications for QoI resistance

Resistance to QoI fungicides in Pyrenophora teres (Dreschsler) and P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Dreschsler was detected in 2003 in France and in Sweden and Denmark respectively. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of the F129L mutation in resistant isolates of both pathogens. In 2004, the frequency of the F129L mutation in populations of both pathogens further increased. The G143A mutation was also detected in a few isolates of P. tritici-repentis from Denmark and Germany. In 2005, the F129L mutation in P. teres increased in frequency and geographical distribution in France and the UK but remained below 2% in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Ireland. In P. tritici-repentis, both mutations were found in a significant proportion of the isolates from Sweden, Denmark and Germany. The G143A mutation conferred a significantly higher level of resistance (higher EC50 values) to Qo inhibitors (QoIs) than did the F129L mutation. In greenhouse trials, resistant isolates with G143A were not well controlled on plants sprayed with recommended field rates, whereas satisfactory control of isolates with F129L was achieved. For the F129L mutation, three different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), TTA, TTG and CTC, can code for L (leucine) in P. teres, whereas only the CTC codon was detected in P. tritici-repentis isolates. In two out of 250 isolates of P. tritici-repentis from 2005, a mutation at position 137 (G137R) was detected at very low frequency. This mutation conferred similar resistance levels to F129L. The structure of the cytochrome b gene of P. tritici-repentis is significantly different from that of P. teres: an intron directly after amino acid position 143 was detected in P. teres which is not present in P. tritici-repentis. This gene structure suggests that resistance based on the G143A mutation may not occur in P. teres because it is lethal. No G143A isolates were found in any P. teres populations. Although different mutations may evolve in P. tritici-repentis, the G143A mutation will have the strongest impact on field performance of QoI fungicides.     

家蚕卵巢肿瘤基因Bmotu及其可变剪接

已知卵巢肿瘤基因(ovarian tumor gene,otu)在果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)卵巢发育过程中发挥极其重要的作用,该基因突变会扰乱卵子形成的正常过程。为探究家蚕(Bombyx mori)是否具有类似果蝇生殖发育相关基因otu的同源基因,以及基因存在的可变剪接形式,在电子克隆的基础上,应用RT-PCR从家蚕精巢组织中获得了4条不同长度的Bmotu cDNA片段(GenBank登录号:HQ831341,HQ831342,HQ999998,HQ831343),其中3条由于无义突变导致翻译提前终止;而从卵巢组织中仅获得了1条Bmotu cDNA片段,该片段序列与精巢中扩增的登录号为HQ831343片段序列的5'端相同。结果表明Bmotu基因存在可变剪接,且雌、雄之间的剪接方式可能存在差异。生物信息学分析发现Bmotu基因编码蛋白与果蝇Otu的结构类似,含有半胱氨酸蛋白酶结构域(Otu结构域)、Tudor结构域、脯氨酸基序。研究结果有助于进一步探讨家蚕生殖发育机制。     

Identification, purification and classification of multiple forms of vitellogenin from white perch (Morone americana)

Three forms of female-specific plasma protein (FSPP 1-3) were purified from blood plasma of estrogen-treated white perch (Morone americana) by combining several types of ion-exchange chromatography including a novel, fast flow, strong anion exchanger (POROS media), followed by gel filtration. Native FSPP 1, FSPP 2 and FSPP 3 had molecular masses of 532 kDa, 532 kDa and 426 kDa, respectively. The apparent mass of purified FSPP 1 and FSPP 2 after SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions was ∼ 180 kDa, while FSPP 3 appeared as a major ∼ 148 kDa band. All of the FSPPs resembled one another with respect to amino acid composition but each appeared to be immunologically distinct. In double immunodiffusion using anti-total FSPP (antiserum raised against vitellogenic female plasma pre-absorbed by male plasma), each FSPP formed one precipitin line that crossed those produced by both others. A rabbit antiserum was raised against each FSPP and absorbed with combinations of the other two FSPPs to ensure specificity. Using the antisera, each FSPP was detected by immuno-electrophoresis in plasma from vitellogenic females or estrogen-treated male or immature fish, but no FSPP was detected in normal male plasma. Endoprotease (Asp-N) digests of the FSPPs were subjected to HPLC separation for N-terminal sequencing and mapping of isolated peptides to published vitellogenin (Vg) sequences. Results of these analyses indicate that white perch FSPP 1, FSPP 2, and FSPP 3 can be classified into three Vg groups identified in previous studies: VgA, VgB, and VgC-like protein, respectively. This is the first report, of which we are aware, on isolation of more than two Vg proteins from any species of vertebrate except the chicken. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

融合基因mChIL-18/mChIFN-α克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

分别以鸡白细胞介素18成熟肽基因(mChIL-18)和鸡α-干扰素成熟肽基因(mChIFN-α)为模板,通过PCR及PCR重叠延伸技术(SOE)得到融合基因mChIL-18mChIFN-α。将融合基因克隆于pGEM-T Easy载体后,再亚克隆到原核表达载体pQE30,并进行测序。测序结果表明获得了阅读框完整、连接部位正确的融合基因mChIL-18mChIFN-α。SDS-PAGE可检测到分子质量为39.4kD的重组蛋白,Western blot证实该重组蛋白可与兔抗鸡IL-18血清发生特异性反应。     

The somatotropic axis of the dairy cow revisited

The greater understanding of the somatotropic axis in the lactating dairy cow that has been achieved in recent years is briefly reviewed in this article. Specifically discussed are: the significance of multiple forms of insulin‐like growth factor messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) caused by alternative splicing, and the possible functions of the various translated extension proteins; the possible roles of multiple sites of growth hormone secretion other than in the pituitary, and the implications for possible autocrine or paracrine growth hormone secretion; the consequences for increased circulating growth hormone half‐life, and possibly biological effectiveness, caused by growth hormone binding proteins; and the increasing evidence for the presence of growth hormone receptors in the bovine mammary gland. The need for further research is highlighted in the present review; published information regarding the bovine, in many of these areas, is still largely insufficient.     

Cadmium Alters Phosphate Level and Suppresses Activity of Phosphorolytic Enzymes in Germinating Rice Seeds

The effect of increasing concentration of Cd on the metabolic status of phosphate and the activity of its metabolizing enzymes acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase were examined in germinating rice ( Oryza sativa ) seeds. During a 0-120 h germination period in the two rice cvs., Ratna and Jaya, 500 μM Cd caused a 2-3-times increase in phosphate level in embryo axes compared to controls. Cadmium concentration of 500 μM in situ caused about 12-14% and 20-30 % decline in acid phosphatase activity in endosperms and embryo axes respectively during 72-96 h of germination. With 500 μM Cd treatment in situ about 27-43 % inhibition in alkaline phosphatase activity was noticed in endosperms and 40-70 % in embryo axes. With 2 mM Cd salt in vitro about 60-92 % inhibition in the activity of acid phosphatase and 80-95 % inhibition of alkaline phosphatases was observed in enzyme preparations from embryo axes. However, a Cd level of 50-100 μM caused stimulation in the activity of inorganic pyrophosphatase. Isoenzymic studies revealed four acid phosphatase isoenzymes in embryo axes with Rf values 0.15, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.49 and three isoenzymes in endosperms with Rf values 0.18, 0.24 and 0.40. The band intensities decreased under Cd treatment. Results indicate possible suppression of the phosphorolytic activities in germinating rice seeds under Cd stress.     

MEI1基因可变剪切事件对蒙古马精子生成的调控作用

旨在探索发生可变剪切事件的MEI1基因对蒙古马精子生成的调控作用,实现利用分子调控技术提高马的精子数量和精液品质,有效提高繁殖效率,降低生产成本,加快遗传进展,促进种群繁衍.本研究以两岁蒙古马的睾丸支持细胞(SC)作为研究对象,构建未发生外显子跳跃(exon skip,ES)事件的MEI1-1-pIRES2-EGFP重...     

UBL5基因的结构与功能研究

几乎每个真核生物都有UBL5的同源基因。UBL5蛋白在单泛素化H2B、mRNA前体剪接、细胞周期调控、能量代谢以及抗压等方面起着重要的作用。UBL5是近几年发现的一种新类型的类泛素蛋白(UBL),它与泛素及类泛素的三维结构相似,只是C末端的双酪氨酸取代了保守的双甘氨酸。在参考了相关文献资料的基础上,结合本实验室在文冠果UBL5基因克隆及功能鉴定方面所做的初步研究工作,对UBL5基因的克隆、蛋白结构、功能等方面进行了综述。