氟对牛脾淋巴细胞内抗氧化功能和NO代谢的影响

采用常规方法分离培养健康牛脾脏淋巴细胞,用不同浓度氟化钠（NaF）染毒24 h。检测牛脾淋巴细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,淋巴细胞内GSH-Px、SOD活性不同程度的降低,而其余各指标均不同程度的升高,且存在着剂量效应关系。由此得出,氟能够导致体外培养牛脾淋巴细胞内抗氧化功能下降,脂质过氧化程度加重,自由基含量增多,对淋巴细胞造成损伤。     

犬源复合益生菌对脾气虚犬盲肠菌群的影响

本试验旨在通过高通量测序技术研究犬源复合益生菌对脾气虚犬盲肠菌群的影响。选取24只1岁龄比格犬,随机分成4组:对照组、脾气虚组、自然恢复组和益生菌治疗组,每组6只。其中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮;脾气虚组、自然恢复组和益生菌治疗组在饲喂基础饲粮的同时每天按照10 mL/kg BW的剂量灌喂番泻叶水煎液,连续灌喂7 d,建立脾气虚模型。在试验第7天,采集脾气虚组犬盲肠内容物;对照组和自然恢复组犬继续饲喂基础饲粮7 d,益生菌治疗组犬在饲喂基础饲粮的基础上每天按照1×10~9CFU/只的剂量灌服犬源复合益生菌7 d。在试验第14天,随机从对照组、自然恢复组和益生菌治疗组各选4只犬采集盲肠内容物。利用Illumina HiSeq 2500平台及QIIME测序软件对各组犬盲肠内容物进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:1)对照组与益生菌治疗组盲肠菌群的ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数均高于脾气虚组与自然恢复组,而Simpson指数则低于脾气虚组与自然恢复组。2)益生菌治疗组盲肠菌群中拟杆菌门、纲、目、科以及芽孢杆菌纲、属的相对丰度均显著高于对照组和脾气虚组(P<0.05),其他菌群在不同分类水平上的相对丰度均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,犬源复合益生菌不仅能够使番泻叶诱导的脾气虚犬盲肠菌群多样性恢复至正常犬水平,而且还能够提高盲肠菌群中有益菌拟杆菌、芽孢杆菌的占比,对脾气虚犬盲肠菌群结构有良好的调节作用。     

Evaluation of poor performance in competition horses: A musculoskeletal perspective. Part 2: Further investigation

There is not a right and a wrong way of investigating musculoskeletal causes of poor performance in sports horses and the methods of investigation are, in part, determined by the clinical signs. Measurement of serum muscle enzyme concentrations before and after exercise is essential for recognition of primary muscle pathology. Many horses with multilimb lameness have a secondary reduced range of motion of the thoracolumbosacral region mimicking primary thoracolumbar pain. Radiographic examination of the thoracolumbar vertebrae may be confusing unless combined with diagnostic analgesia because many clinically normal horses have radiological abnormalities. Nuclear scintigraphy offers a method of evaluating a large proportion of the horse, but there are many false positive and false negative results. Diagnostic analgesia is the most reliable method of investigation but requires experience and skill in interpretation and is time consuming in a horse with multilimb lameness.     

CASE REPORT AND CLINICAL REVIEW: Acute lameness associated with osseous metastasis of a peri-renal carcinoma in a horse

We present a case of aggressive metastatic carcinoma in a horse that was initially presented for shoulder lameness. Although radiography and scintigraphy were useful for localising a lesion in the proximal humerus, subsequent development of non-specific signs of systemic disease prompted further evaluation. Haematology and blood biochemistry, urinalysis and ultrasonography were all instrumental in identifying renal involvement. A diagnosis of a peri-renal mass causing secondary renal failure prompted euthanasia of the horse because of the poor prognosis. Antemortem findings were supported by necropsy, with secondary lesions also identified in the spleen, liver, 8th left rib and proximal humerus. Histological examination yielded a diagnosis of undifferentiated metastatic carcinoma.     

QUANTITATIVE THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY IN GREYHOUNDS SUSPECTED OF PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM

The existence of hypothyroidism in greyhounds remains controversial and its investigation is complicated by the low circulating thyroid hormone concentrations typically found in healthy dogs of this breed. Quantitative measurement of thyroidal technetium-99m pertechnetate (^99mTcO₄⁻) uptake is known to be useful in assessing thyroid function in other breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid scintigraphy as a method of assessing thyroid function in greyhounds suspected of primary hypothyroidism. Twenty greyhounds (eight females, 12 males) were studied. Thirteen had bald thigh syndrome and seven poor performance and low total T4. Total T4 concentrations were decreased in 18 (90%), and free T4 in two (10%) dogs. All canine thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations were within the reference interval. Thyroidal ^99mTcO₄⁻ uptake values (mean ± SD, 0.76 ± 0.26%) were within the reference limits published for euthyroid dogs (0.39–1.86%) making hypothyroidism highly unlikely. There were no significant differences ( P <0.05) when comparing data between dogs with bald thigh syndrome (13 dogs) and the remaining dogs (seven dogs). Seventeen (85%) dogs had higher uptake in the left thyroid gland than in the right that might reflect an anatomic feature of the greyhound breed. Calculation of percent thyroidal uptake of ^99mTcO₄⁻ is more accurate than thyroid:salivary gland ratios because of high variability in salivary gland uptake. Percent thyroidal uptake of ^99mTcO₄⁻ should be used when assessing thyroid function scintigraphically in the greyhound breed.     

巢蜜与脾蜜的生产技术要点及前景展望

巢蜜和脾蜜作为一种天然蜂产品,不仅含有蜂蜜、蜂蜡,还含有一定量的蜂胶,具有原生态的美味和口感,是蜂产品中的高端产品。本文阐述了巢蜜与脾蜜的生产技术及管理要点,分析了目前我国养蜂产业面临的问题及巢蜜与脾蜜的市场发展前景。     

QUANTITATIVE HEPATOBILIARY SCINTIGRAPHY IN NORMAL CATS AND IN CATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS

Quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-mebrofenin was performed on eight normal cats and on the same cats after induction of experimental cholangiohepatitis by infection with the liver fluke Platynosomum concinnum. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed 3 times at 10 weeks, 4 months and 6 months after infection. In addition, routine biochemical tests, hepatic ultrasound and ultrasound guided hepatic biopsy samples were obtained at the same time points, and the results compared with hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The normal hepatic extraction fraction was determined to be 85%, and the normal hepatic excretion half time (T 1/2) was 14 minutes. There was no significant change in scintigraphic parameters compared to pre-infection values at any time following infection with the liver fluke. No correlation between scintigraphic parameters and histologic scores was found; however, significant correlation was identified between parasite burden and histologic scores 6 months following infection. Despite the presence of severe multifocal histologic abnormalities, minimal clinical, biochemical and scintigraphic derangements were identified using this model of cholangiohepatitis. Based on this study, hepatobiliary scintigraphy appears to be an insensitive test for structural hepatobiliary abnormalities. The role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in functional hepatobiliary abnormalities of the feline liver has not been determined.     

应用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)检测镉致鸡脾淋巴细胞DNA的损伤效应

应用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术（single cell gel electrophoresis，SCGE）]检测了0～30μmol／L CdCl2对体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞DNA的损伤效应。结果表明，镉浓度在0～30μmol／L范围内，随着镉浓度的增加，对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞DNA的损伤作用逐渐增强，呈现显著的剂量效应（r=0．983，P=0．004）。结果提示，镉致鸡脾脏淋巴细胞DNA损伤是镉对禽类免疫毒性的重要机制之一。