专业图书馆数字化建设的思考与实践

本文分析了福建省农业科学院图书馆数字化建设的条件，提出从存储系统、软件系统、信息资源系统、安全系统几个方面建设数字化图书馆的方案。     

烟草疫霉对烟草的致病性及生理分化研究

将分离自东北，华东等１１种寄主植物上的２０个烟草疫霉（Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｅ，等于寄生疫霉Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ）菌株接种６个烟草品种，测定了烟草疫霉对烟草的致病性及其生理分化。指出来自烟草的烟草疫霉菌株对烟草具较强的侵染能力，亦可以侵染黄瓜，茄子和番茄的果实，但大多数非烟草寄主来源的菌株经伤口接种亦可以侵染烟草，引起典型的症状。本研究还比较了不同的     

Genetic differentiation between hosts and locations in populations of latent Botrytis cinerea in southern England

This study tested the hypothesis that aggressive, localized infections and asymptomatic systemic infections were caused by distinct specialized groups of Botrytis cinerea, using microsatellite genotypes at nine loci of 243 isolates of B. cinerea obtained from four hosts (strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.), dandelion, (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and primrose (Primula vulgaris)) in three regions in southern England (in the vicinities of Brighton, Reading and Bath). The populations were extremely variable, with up to 20 alleles per locus and high genic diversity. Each host in each region had a population of B. cinerea with distinctive genetic features, and there were also consistent host and regional distinctions. The B. cinerea population from strawberry was distinguished from that on other hosts, including blackberry, most notably by a common 154‐bp amplicon at locus 5 (present in 35 of 77 samples) that was rare in isolates from other hosts (9/166), and by the rarity (3/77) of a 112‐bp allele at locus 7 that was common (58/166) in isolates from other hosts. There was significant linkage disequilibrium overall within the B. cinerea populations on blackberry and strawberry, but with quite different patterns of association among isolates from the two hosts. No evidence was found for differentiation between populations of B. cinerea from systemically infected hosts and those from locally infected fruits.     

中国农业区域专业化发展的历史分析

基于＂杨格定理＂和＂斯密定理＂,通过对有关历史文献的梳理,从历史演变角度,分析了我国历史上农业专业化发展情况和不发展的原因。结果表明,我国农业专业化的不发展是由人口压力、交通滞后、技术停滞和城镇及工业化发展战略等因素综合作用所造成的,形成分工程度低、市场规模小、农业商品率低和农业专业化不发展的循环。并指出打破这一循环的关键是提高分工度,形成各具特色的农业区域专业化发展格局。     

山西省农业专业化增收效应研究

运用区位商、集中系数等指标对山西省农业专业化现状进行分析。在此基础上,采取计量经济学的方法对农业专业化的增收效应进行实证分析。结果表明:山西省农业专业化可以有效促进农民的收入增加。根据上述分析,对山西省农业专业化的发展提出了意见和建议。     

茶藨生柱锈菌致病性分化的初步研究

采用交互接种的方法对华山松疱锈病、红松疱锈病的病原菌茶藨生柱锈菌的致病性分化进行了研究。结果表明:(1)红松疱锈病的病原菌锈孢子只能侵染其本地的转主寄主植物东北茶藨子;(2)华山松疱锈病的病原菌锈孢子能转主侵染多种不同地区的茶藨子植物;(3)所有华山松疱锈病病原菌的锈孢子均不能转主侵染东北茶藨子;(4)初步认定马先蒿属植物不是华山松疱锈病病原菌的转主寄主。     

Internationalization of SMEs in the Baltic Sea Region: Barriers of cross-national collaboration considering regional innovation strategies for smart specialization

This paper provides new evidence on barriers that hamper small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) to establish international collaboration. Our analysis makes use of collected data concerning internationalization of SMEs in seven BSR countries. Our logistic multivariate regression model, which we applied after selecting relevant variables using the LASSO method, indicates a significant positive effect for the entities´ demand in support to acquire clients as well as the absence of foreign markets operations. A significant adverse effect is found for cooperation agreements as a support tool for internationalization as well as the interest to participate in an innovation and internationalization system. SMEs rather desire their internationalization capacity building than direct support in acquiring clients. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that strengthening cross-national collaborations and establishing appropriate support programs are important toward innovativeness and competitiveness among SMEs in the BSR. Smart Specialization Strategies (S3) could provide a framework for building cross-national collaborations.     

高校辅导员队伍专业化建设的实证分析

高校辅导员队伍建设是加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的重点和关键,而辅导员队伍的专业化建设是高校辅导员队伍建设的趋势。为探索辅导员队伍专业化建设的途径,运用对河北省6所重点高校160名专职辅导昊的调查数据,分析了目前辅导员工作的实际状况以及辅导员整体素质和辅导员个人意志等因素与辅导员队伍专业化建设存在的矛盾,并提出了辅导员工作职业化建设的建议。     

农户土地流转经济福利效应的多维度分析——基于多重选择处理效应模型

使用来自全国25个省2 899个固定观察点农户的调查数据,采用半参数多重选择处理效应模型实证分析土地流转对农户家庭经济福利的多维度影响.结果表明:1)农户土地流转决策受农户家庭内部环境变量和外部环境变量的共同影响,内部环境变量主要包括家庭人均土地规模、生产性固定资产、家庭经营主业、抚养比、户主年龄和受教育程度,外部环境...     

高标准农田建设政策对化肥减量的影响

由于农用化学品的过度施用,中国农业的可持续发展面临一系列资源环境问题,政府通过合理的政策措施以促进农用化学品减量,应该成为农业可持续发展的主要目标之一。基于此,该研究以高标准农田建设政策的实施为切入点,运用双重差分法（Differences-in-Differences,DID）方法,基于长江中下游3个粮食主产省湖北、湖南和江苏282个县域2007-2017年的面板数据,分析了高标准农田建设政策对农业化肥减量的影响及其作用机制。结果发现：1）基础回归分析表明,高标准农田建设政策实施后化肥施用总量减少了5.1%;2）影响路径分析表明,高标准农田建设通过提升产粮大县的机械化和粮食作物种植专业化水平实现对化肥施用量的削减效应。机械化水平的提升扩大了粮食作物种植专业化水平对化肥减量效应,进而增强了高标准农田建设政策的化肥减量作用;3）异质性分析结果表明,高标准农田建设政策对平原和丘陵县、中部县域以及中高化肥施用强度地区的化肥减量有更显著的影响。因此未来各区域要继续大力推进高标准农田建设,充分发挥高标准农田建设在化肥减量和减污降碳的有效作用。同时,在高标准农田建设中,大力推进农业机械化发展水平和作物种植专业化水平可成为产粮大县兼顾发展农业和生态保护的统筹之策。