毛霉型豆豉中总DNA提取的比较研究

[目的]对毛霉型豆豉中总DNA的提取方法进行比较。[方法]选用常用的3种DNA提取方法(溶菌酶法、蛋白酶K-CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)法和改良溶菌酶法)提取发酵豆豉中的总DNA,并测定总DNA的纯度,比较3种方法的优劣。[结果]通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳对提取效果进行观察比较发现,蛋白酶K-CTAB法提取豆豉中微生物的宏基因组DNA的纯度最好,质量最高。[结论]蛋白酶K-CTAB法更适合豆豉这类发酵食品宏基因组DNA粗提取,可以作为豆豉宏基因组学研究的基础。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞的不确定度评定

为了得到准确而完善的检测结果,对微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞结果的不确定度进行了评定,结合各不确定度分量对测定方法中不确定度的主要来源进行了分析。结果表明:样品的前处理方法以及试样的重复性对获得准确测定结果尤为重要,标准曲线的配制也是重要的不确定度来源,同时需要确保仪器的稳定性,而试样定容和样品称样引入的不确定度极低,可以忽略。通过不确定度的评定,明确了测定过程中主要误差的来源,为降低检测过程中的误差提供了依据。     

菜豆叶片原生质体的分离条件

以菜豆幼嫩叶片为材料,研究了预处理、酶液组合、酶解时间、酶解方式、甘露醇浓度及纯化时的离心转速对菜豆叶片原生质体分离的影响。结果表明:菜豆叶片质壁分离1 h后,在2%纤维素酶+1%离析酶+10%甘露醇+0.1%BSA+5 mmol/L MES+10 mmol/L CaCl2·2H2O,pH为5.8的混合液中,(25±1)℃黑暗条件下振荡酶解12 h可获得大量有活力的绿色原生质体。纯化时400 r/min离心3 min效果较好。     

苗期短日照处理小豆的开花和结荚变化

为了对小豆的高产栽培提供理论依据,以中晚熟小豆品种冀红4号为材料,在出苗到开花阶段进行 SD-14（光/暗,14 h/10h）、SD-12（光/暗,12 h/12h）和 SD-10（光/暗,10 h/14h）3个短日照试验,观察了小豆开花和结荚情况。结果表明：短日照处理加速了植株的生育进程,花期缩短了9～10 d,荚期缩短了3～7 d,总花荚期缩短了5～6 d,差异达显著水平;植株的开花期提早,开花高峰期提前18～20 d,日开花量呈先增后降的趋势;植株的初花节位降低1～2节,单株总荚数达最大值时间提早12 d,结荚数集中于1～10节位,占88．49％以上;各短日处理单荚粒数差异不显著,百粒重均高于对照,单株荚数则低于对照,产量均低于对照,差异不显著。综合比较,短日照处理以 SD-12较好。     

烤烟套种蚕豆对烟叶和蚕豆品质的影响

为确定烤烟套种免耕鲜食蚕豆的最佳播种期,采用随机区组试验,研究烟株封顶后上部烟留叶8片、5片、3片和顶叶全部采收后播种蚕豆对免耕套种鲜食蚕豆和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：烤烟套种免耕鲜食蚕豆模式比烤烟采收后单一种植蚕豆（CK）中上等烟比例提高0．56％～1．58％,产量提高0．54％～0．63％,产值提高1．38％～2．01％;可提高总糖和还原糖含量,降低氮和烟碱含量,增加钾和施木克值,协调烟叶内在品质;增加收入293．18～454．03元／667m2。可提高蚕豆的蛋白质、钙和硒的含量,分别比 CK 增加0．41％～0．56％、11．53％～34．61％和4．93％～11．11％;降低单宁的含量,比 CK 降低18．18％～36．36％。上部烟留叶5片的处理对提高烟叶和蚕豆的品质效果最佳。     

壳寡糖衍生物对烟草花叶病的田间防效试验

测定了壳寡糖、宁南霉素、水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱、5-溴水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱、水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯、5-溴水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯对烟草花叶病的抑制效果,结果表明:这些药剂对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)均具有一定的诱导抗病效应,其中以5-溴壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯药剂的防治效果较好。     

基于LC-ESI-MS/MS技术与生物信息学的蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白亚基鉴定

蚕豆蛋白亚基是蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白重要组成部分,深入鉴定蚕豆蛋白亚基,对了解蚕豆种子蛋白不同亚基的结构和功能具有重要意义。本研究应用液相色谱、电喷雾离子化与串联质谱联用技术和生物信息技术对蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白6个特异亚基进行了质谱鉴定。结果表明:这些特异亚基中的64、47、42及38ku分别鉴定出4个蛋白:豌豆球蛋白、豆球蛋白前体、假定糖结合蛋白、LEGB7_VICFA;97ku亚基蛋白为分子伴侣GroEL;96ku亚基蛋白由6个具有不同代谢功能的蛋白组成。     

绿豆抗旱指标鉴选与评价

采用人工盆栽控水试验,对21份绿豆种质资源进行抗旱期综合评价,鉴选绿豆品种抗旱性指标体系。结果表明,与绿豆抗旱性相关的10个指标经主成分分析被分为3个主成分,其中茎高、茎粗、结荚数、叶面积、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量与绿豆抗旱性密切相关。采用聚类分析,并结合绿豆隶属函数法综合分析,将21份绿豆品种分成：强抗旱品种为‘良丰1号’、‘HX04037’和‘榆绿1号’,中抗旱性品种为‘嫩绿1号’、‘兴绿1号’、‘天山大明绿’、‘西绿1号’、‘绿宝绿豆’、‘赤绿3号’、‘白绿1号’、‘中绿1号’、‘晋绿1号’、‘八宝绿豆’、‘中绿6号’、‘鑫绿1号’和‘HX04050’,弱抗旱性品种为‘冀北12-1号’、‘绿珍珠2号’、‘ZKY-2’、‘白绿522’和‘邯绿8号’。     

Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality

Abstract Sole crops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.), at three harvest dates, representing successive growth stages, were evaluated for biomass production of whole‐crop forage and quality characteristics of crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF), acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations and ash content. These tests were carried out for two field experiments, respectively, drilled during the spring of 1997 and autumn of 1997 on Imperial College Farm, Wye, UK. Results indicated that optimum forage yield and quality were obtained from the second to third harvest dates for the spring‐drilled experiment and the second harvest for the autumn‐drilled experiment. Wheat and bean intercrops were higher in total forage dry matter (DM) yield than either wheat or bean grown as sole crops. Field bean intercropped with wheat led to increased forage quality (CP and NDF concentrations) compared with sole wheat, and higher WSC concentrations compared with sole bean. Intercrops also enhanced weed suppression compared with sole bean. It is suggested that winter wheat–bean intercrops may have considerable potential as a moderate‐yielding, relatively high‐quality, low‐input and environmentally benign forage crop with considerable potential with regard to yield and quality and warrant further study.     

Competition between Canada Thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

This study was conducted to investigate whether density, above-ground biomass and nitrogen (N) concentration of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. cause serious reductions in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) yield. A 2-year field experiment (1991–93) with four Cirsium densities (0, 4, 16, 64 plants m^–2) was carried out. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of Cirsium density on faba bean yield. Multiple regression analysis showed that the main factors causing faba bean yield losses were the density and above-ground biomass of Cirsium . The results of this study demonstrate that Cirsium competition reduces faba bean yield. The mean faba bean yield losses over the 2 years were 10, 12 and 8% for above-ground biomass, seed and stem, respectively, for a Cirsium density of 16 plants m^–2.