高浓度细胞分裂素诱导棉花悬浮细胞程序性死亡

棉花悬浮细胞经高浓度细胞分裂素（2mg／L KT或4mg／L KT）处理后第4天大量死亡，培养物呈褐黑色；抽提总DNA，进行琼脂糖胶电泳，结果表明：2mg／L KT和4mg／L KT两处理中有明显的大小为140～180bp及其倍增量片段的DNA“梯”。进行PI和FDA染色显微观察可以看到：2mg／L KT处理中大部分细胞的细胞核较小，核质浓缩，呈棒形或弯月形；胞质浓缩，出现了不对称的质壁分离，且丧失了FDA染色活性。这些结果表明，由高浓度细胞分裂素处理引起的棉花悬浮细胞大规模死亡是一种细胞程序性死亡（PCD）。不同的生理状态（UCSA和BAE）和不同生长时期（指数增长期和静止期）的棉花悬浮细胞对高浓度细胞分裂素的诱导反应存在差异。     

Histological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor in six captive four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)

This report described the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) in six hedgehogs. The hedgehogs presented single cutaneous mass with ulcer and crusting. Histologically, the neoplastic lesions were characterized by the proliferation of well-differentiated mast cells (3 cases), and atypical mast cells (3 cases) with one atypical histiocytic morphology. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for KIT and mast cell tryptase, and were negative for Iba-1. In well-differentiated MCT, all patients were clinically improved and survived more than 365 days after surgical excision, whereas an atypical histiocytic MCT showed aggressive behavior with re-recurrence, and the animal died 115 days after surgery. These findings suggest that, compatible with other animals, well-differentiated MCT has a better prognosis in hedgehogs.     

轮状病毒感染肠上皮细胞激活宿主先天免疫研究进展

轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿、幼畜禽急性肠胃炎的人畜共患病原,常与其他病原体混合感染,多以呕吐,严重水样腹泻,脱水为临床症状,感染后具有较高病死率,对人类公共卫生以及养殖业造成极大危害.RV病原相关分子模式(PAMP)可被肠上皮细胞(IECs)中一组可遗传的模式识别受体(PRR)识别,通过IECs、先天免疫细胞与RV互...     

In Vitro Anticancer and Cancer-Preventive Activity of New Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Starfish Solaster pacificus

Sea stars or starfish (class Asteroidea) and holothurians or sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea), belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms), are characterized by different sets of glycosidic metabolites: the steroid type in starfish and the triterpene type in holothurians. However, herein we report the isolation of eight new triterpene glycosides, pacificusosides D–K (1–3, 5–9) along with the known cucumarioside D (4), from the alcoholic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Solaster pacificus. The isolated new compounds are closely related to the metabolites of sea cucumbers, and their structures of 1–3 and 5–9 were determined by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. Compounds 2, 5, and 8 have a new type of tetrasaccharide chain with a terminal non-methylated monosaccharide unit. Compounds 3, 6, and 9 contain another new type of tetrasaccharide chain, having 6-O-SO₃-Glc as one of the sugar units. The cytotoxic activity of 1–9 against non-cancerous mouse epidermal cells JB6 Cl41 and human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 was determined by MTS assay. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 showed potent cytotoxicity against these cell lines, but the cancer selectivity (SI > 9) was observed only against the SK-MEL-2 cell line. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 μM significantly inhibited neoplastic cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells induced by chemical carcinogens (EGF, TPA) or ionizing radiation (X-rays and UVB). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 µM possessed the highest inhibiting activity on colony formation among the investigated compounds and decreased the colonies number of SK-MEL-2 cells by 64% and 70%, respectively. Thus, triterpene glycosides 1 and 4 can be considered as prospective cancer-preventive and anticancer-compound leaders.     

猪体细胞核移植技术及研究现状

自2000年Polejaeva I A获得第1头克隆猪后,短短几年时间全世界已有10多例成功的报道,使得猪的体细胞核移植有了长足的发展,但目前猪的体细胞核移植效率依然低下,人们对核移植中重编程分子机理的认识知之甚少。简要综述了猪体细胞核移植近年来的研究进展,分析了猪核移植中的技术难点和影响因素。     

基于目标像素变化的柚果单目测距算法

针对山地果园光线变化和枝叶遮挡干扰果实距离检测的问题,该研究提出一种利用目标区域像素数量变化预测成像距离的算法。根据单目测距原理和柚果成像特性,以具备尺寸和形状代表性的离树柚果样本为研究对象,在采摘作业距离范围内利用单一相机以固定间隔步距对果实某一侧面连续获取图像数据,用以建立并验证目标区域像素数量变化与成像距离变化之间的多元回归关系。随后将该算法应用于果园中树上柚果样本以检验其适用性,并讨论初始成像距离和步距取值对测距精度的影响。研究结果表明,在125 cm以内,6个树上柚果样本的测距相对误差均低于5%,满足采摘机械手目标定位的精度要求;初始成像距离对该算法测距精度具有显著影响。该研究单目测距算法满足果园环境中柚果目标与相机间距离检测需求,为相关采摘机械手的柚果目标识别提供了一种可行方案。     

辣椒单株结果数性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

为探究辣椒单株结果数的遗传机制,以单株结果数差异较大的辣椒材料XHB(P₁)和B14-01(P₂)为亲本,构建四世代遗传家系即P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂。运用主基因+多基因多世代联合分析法,研究辣椒单株结果数的遗传规律。结果表明：辣椒单株结果数符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因模型(2MG-ADI)。2对主基因的加性效应值d_a、d_b分别为-16.33、-13.05,2对主基因的显性效应值h_a、h_b分别为-10.02、-2.51。2对主基因间的加性×显性(j_ab)互作效应和显性×加性(j_ba)互作效应的效应值分别为8.69和12.93,加性×加性上位性(i)互作效应值为6.86,显性×显性(l)的互作效应值为7.23,主基因间的效应以加性效应为主,其次是加性×显性上位性互作效应。主基因遗传率为68.10%,环境引起的变异占比31.9%...     

百里香酚对鱼源耐药性维氏气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果及其机制研究

为探究百里香酚对鱼源耐药性维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)的抑菌效果和作用机制,从患病黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)体内分离得到一株维氏气单胞菌,药敏试验结果显示,其对氟苯尼考、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星耐药。通过测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)和生长曲线来评价百里香酚对耐药性维氏气单胞菌的抑菌活性;通过测定百里香酚对其细胞膜通透性、可溶性蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶活性和DNA的影响,结合电镜观察细菌超微结构的变化研究其作用机制。结果显示,百里香酚对耐药性维氏气单胞菌的抑菌效果明显,MIC为256μg·mL^-1,MBC为512μg·mL^-1。经512μg·mL^-1的百里香酚作用1 h后,维氏气单胞菌液电导率极显著(P<0.01)上升,DNA外渗量迅速上升至(115.6±0.5)mg·L^-1。经512μg·mL^-1的百里香酚作用后,维氏气单胞菌的可溶性蛋白明显变少,细菌乳酸脱氢酶活性在2、4、6、8 h分别极显著(P<0.0...     

不同放置方式的诱饵对红火蚁的诱集作用比较

以诱饵诱集时间、工蚁诱集数、工蚁逃逸率3个指标评价了竹签 火腿肠片、标本瓶 火腿肠片2种诱饵诱集技术的监测效果.结果表明:竹签 火腿肠片的方式在25 min内工蚁诱集数达到最大,而标本瓶 火腿肠片的方式仅需要15 min,工蚁诱集数在达到最大值之后逐渐趋于稳定;2种诱集方式在30 min内工蚁诱集数差异不显著,工蚁逃逸率差异显著;从诱饵诱集率、工蚁诱集数2个方面综合考虑高、低密度诱饵数下的5种投放方式,得出"Z"字形是诱饵的最适合投放方式.