不同生长年限的草坪土壤酶活性研究

通过对不同生长年限草坪土壤中4种土壤酶活性的分析,研究了草坪年限与土壤酶活性的关系.结果表明:过氧化氢酶活性随草坪生长年限的不同变化很小,而过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶的酶活性随草坪生长年限的不同差异显著;在建坪的第1 a,过氧化物酶和脲酶的酶活性较对照变化明显,二者分别下降46%和43%;多酚氧化酶较对照增加7%.生长2 a的草坪和生长4 a的草坪土壤中,过氧化物酶均比对照增加13%和28%,脲酶比对照增加33%和66%,过氧化氢酶活性均比对照降低约4%,多酚氧化酶在生长4 a的样地较对照下降约8%.因此,4种土壤酶中过氧化物酶和脲酶对土壤肥力变化的反映较敏感.     

坪用型狗牙根新品种‘保定狗牙根’

 ‘保定狗牙根’是从河北省保定市普通狗牙根种质资源中筛选出的草坪型新品种,植株低矮致密,色泽浓绿,少/免修剪等特性突出,适宜在河北保定、沧州以南的冀中南及河南、山东平原地区建植观赏型、开放型草坪及水土保持绿地等。     

夏季狗牙根草坪不同建植方法及秋季交播黑麦草对成坪效果的影响

以狗牙根Cynodon dactylon种子和营养体为材料，在武汉地区，对5种不同建植方法建成的草坪从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性、建植成本及秋季交播多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne后翌年狗牙根的草坪质量等方面进行综合比较。结果表明：采用夏季建植狗牙根草坪并于秋季交播多年生黑麦草的方法来建植四季常绿草坪，狗牙根采用撒茎覆沙法效果最佳，其他方法依次为开沟埋茎法、闻铺草皮法、穴植草茎法；种子直播法在翌年需重新建坪。     

草坪植物马蹄金的生理、生态学特性

马蹄金属于C3植物,但同时兼备C4植物的某些生理特征,光饱和点较高,而光补偿点和CO2补偿点较低,从而具有既喜光照又耐荫蔽的生长习性。其抗旱、抗寒性是其向北方推广的限制因素。     

吉布提国家体育场草坪的建植

吉布提共和国是东非的一个小国 ,自然条件恶劣。通过对吉布提国家体育场运动草坪建植的总结和分析 ,讨论了自然因素对草坪建植的重要作用 ,并提出了在干旱地区建植草坪应注意的几个问题     

Plant invasion and management in turf‐dominated waste landfills in South Korea

A floristic survey was conducted in turf‐dominated fields on some waste landfills in South Korea, to quantify the degree of plant invasion in those degraded lands. The dominant species, except turf (Zoysia japonica), were Conyza canadensis, Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis and Aster tripolium. Mean species number declined linearly with distance from the edge of the turf stands. Biomass of each species ranged between 0.1 g and 122.6 g, decreasing linearly with distance from the edge of the stand and declining exponentially with turf coverage. Mean soil moisture storage and organic matter content were 12.59 per cent and 5.81 per cent, respectively. Sum of relative cover, frequency and biomass of all species with environmental variables (distance from the stand edge, turf cover, soil moisture storage, soil organic matter content and the ratio of species number of exotic plants to that of native plants) were ordinated by DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). The first axis of the DCA was positively correlated with distance from the stand edge and turf cover and the second axis of the DCA was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content. Highly and lowly invasive species were indicated from DCA results. From analysis of dispersal type, barochore and anemochore were the most widespread of other dispersal types but it was suggested that anthropochore played an important role in plant invasion in these degraded wastelands. Establishment of an edge transition zone, enhancement of turf cover and reduction in traffic is recommended as management options for turf fields. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

施肥、修剪和草种差异对草坪密度、越冬率和生长量的影响

通过试验研究施肥、修剪和草种差异对冷季型草坪草的密度、越冬率、累计生长量、根系深度等草坪评价因素产生的影响,比较不同草种和管理组合之间的差异,总结出对乌鲁木齐地区草坪管理适宜的施肥、修剪管理方式.     

不同肥料剂型对草坪草生长及其草坪质量的影响

通过比较速效肥与缓效肥对多年生黑麦草草坪质量与坪草生长的影响,证明施用缓效肥不但可以使坪草生长更趋均匀,而且还可长久地维持草坪质量。尤以日本包膜缓效肥与德国产的IBDU效果突出。试验结果表明,在华北地区冷季型草坪上,春季以缓效肥为主,配合一定比例的速效肥,而秋季以速效肥为主,配合施用缓效肥,即可满足春季坪草快速生长和草坪越夏对养分的需求,又可使草坪保持较高的质量,并为草坪越冬打下良好的营养基础。     

A vernalization protocol for obtaining progenies from regenerated and transgenic tall fescue plants

Tall fescue is an important outcrossing forage and turf grass species that requires vernalization to flower. A reproducible protocol was developed for vernalization of regenerated, transgenic and seed‐derived tall fescue plants. Following the vernalization scheme that involved gradual changes of temperature and daylength, seeds were routinely produced from vernalized plants under greenhouse conditions. Molecular analyses of progenies obtained from crosses between transgenic and seed‐derived plants revealed stable meiotic transmission of transgenes following Mendelian inheritance in transgenic tall fescue.     

在人工胁迫与上海自然条件下高羊茅草坪草品种和种质资源的特性评价

2006～2007年在上海的自然条件、人工接种褐斑病菌（Rhizocwnia Solani Kfihn）和涝害胁迫条件下开展了田间高羊茅草坪草（Festnca arundinacea Schreb）种质资源比较试验,对13个高羊茅草坪草种质资源的形态、色泽等坪用特性、抗褐斑病性和耐涝性方面作了较全面的评价。结果表明：引进品种平均评分第一的为“Duvana”,得分8．7;其次为“Plantation”,得分8．6和“Justice”,得分8．4。我们自育的品种“沪青矮”及其组成成分的新品系具有株型较矮的遗传特性,综合性状评分居第3、4、5位（得分为8．5～8．4）．也值得应用。在适当的管理条件下,例如：排水性良好的坪床,不少于每月1次的修剪、适当的肥水管理和及时的病虫害防治,上述推荐品种都能在长江中下游地区建植周年常绿的绿化草坪。