再生水灌溉对草坪草生长的影响

在北京市北小河污水处理厂进行了再生水灌溉草坪草试验,选用3种再生水(二级处理水、一般三级处理水超滤、深度三级处理水反渗透)灌溉6种草坪草(草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草、匍匐翦股颖、结缕草、野牛草),再加上自来水灌溉作为对比。研究表明：在草坪草生理方面,与自来水对比,二级处理水和一般三级处理水超滤灌溉能显著促进草坪草的生长,较明显地增强草坪草抗性,而深度处理的三级处理水反渗透则不显著,这表明草坪草在再生水灌溉中有非常良好的优势;在草坪草矿质元素含量上,自来水灌溉与再生水灌溉差异很小。土壤中有害的矿质元素,如重金属、氯化物、氟化物等被草坪草大量吸收,通过修剪被移走,从而有效地减轻有害矿质元素对土壤和环境的不良影响。这表明草坪草在修复污染土壤上可能有良好的应用前景。     

不同沙土配比根系层土壤的持水特性研究

因地制宜地配置不同沙土比例的根系层是运动场草坪场地建造中最为关键的技术之一。试验将沙土配比设为11个处理,即沙/(沙+土)从0～100kg100kg-1,每10kg100kg-1为一个梯度,并采用压力膜法研究了不同沙土配比土壤的持水特性。结果表明,公式θ=AS-B能较好地拟合不同沙土配比土壤的水分曲线,所得方程均达到了极显著(0.001)水平;随含沙量增加,土壤脱湿曲线逐渐下移,表明同一土壤吸力条件下,土壤含水量随含沙量增加逐渐降低;根据土壤比水容量出现10-2级的先后顺序,11个配比土壤的供水能力可归结为三类。水分有效性受配比土壤的颗粒组成影响呈现出不同的变化规律,且与颗粒粒级的相关性显著。     

Quality assessment of three warm-season turfgrasses growing in different substrate depths on shallow green roof systems

In an effort to increase the accessibility and functionality of shallow green roof systems, the ability of warm-season grasses to provide acceptable growth needs to be further investigated. In the current study, which was conducted during 2011 and 2012, three warm-season grasses (hybrid bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy ‘MiniVerde’; seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz ‘Platinum TE’ and zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica Steud. ‘Zenith’) were established in outdoor lysimeters. The lysimeters were equipped with all necessary green roof layers placed below a coarse-textured substrate that comprised pumice, thermally treated attapulgite clay, peat, compost and zeolite. Half of the lysimeters had a substrate depth of 15 cm, while the other half had a substrate depth of 7.5 cm. Irrigation was applied at crop evapotranspiration (ET_c). Measurements included determination of substrate moisture content, green turf cover (GTC) and leaf stomatal resistance. Significant differences were observed in the values of GTC among the three turfgrass species and the two substrate depths. Zoysiagrass exhibited the best adaptation at the lower depths of shallow green roof systems. At 15 cm substrate depth, zoysiagrass managed to sustain green coverage for the two study periods. In addition, it was the only turfgrass species that managed to perform well at the substrate depth of 7.5 cm. Seashore paspalum exhibited limited green cover at both substrate depths, while hybrid bermudagrass could provide acceptable green coverage only at 15 cm substrate depth.     

无土草坪基质的研究进展

综述了无土草坪基质的研究现状,介绍了无土草坪基质的种类、基质的配比、基质对草坪生长的影响和其优缺点.阐述了非织造布、秸秆、粉煤渣在无土草坪基质的研究及应用,提出了采用新技术和环保材料进行草坪生产是今后无土草坪生产和发展的新方向.     

不同生长年限的草坪土壤酶活性研究

通过对不同生长年限草坪土壤中4种土壤酶活性的分析,研究了草坪年限与土壤酶活性的关系.结果表明:过氧化氢酶活性随草坪生长年限的不同变化很小,而过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶的酶活性随草坪生长年限的不同差异显著;在建坪的第1 a,过氧化物酶和脲酶的酶活性较对照变化明显,二者分别下降46%和43%;多酚氧化酶较对照增加7%.生长2 a的草坪和生长4 a的草坪土壤中,过氧化物酶均比对照增加13%和28%,脲酶比对照增加33%和66%,过氧化氢酶活性均比对照降低约4%,多酚氧化酶在生长4 a的样地较对照下降约8%.因此,4种土壤酶中过氧化物酶和脲酶对土壤肥力变化的反映较敏感.     

Control of Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing of witloof chicory with the rhamnolipid-based biosurfactant formulation PRO1

Rhamnolipids, extracellular metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with surfactant properties, proved to be very effective in controlling the spread of brown root rot disease caused by Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory ( Cichorium intybus var. foliosum ). The biosurfactant was applied as the product PRO1, a formulation of 25% rhamnolipids in oil. Both an in vitro screening and in vivo experiments in a mini-hydroponic system demonstrated the ability of PRO1 to control brown root rot. A 25  µ g mL⁻¹ rhamnolipids nutrient solution was enough to obtain good control of an artificial infection with a zoospore suspension of P. cryptogea . The biosurfactant PRO1 performed well in a semicommercial system under growers' conditions. A treatment of 25  µ g mL⁻¹ rhamnolipids (100  µ g mL⁻¹ PRO1) reduced the disease incidence significantly in two independent experiments. However, PRO1 was not effective when a mycelial suspension was used as inoculum. Rhamnolipids have good potential to limit the spread of P. cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory, and can be used as a preventive measure against brown root rot.     

深圳碧海湾高尔夫球场草坪春季杂草及防除策略研究

对深圳碧海湾高尔夫球场草坪进行调查,发现春季草坪杂草有95种,分属26科80属。阔叶杂草有75种,占杂草总数的78.95%;半日子叶杂草20种,占杂草总数的21.05%。对球道和长草区或边坡的杂草发生特点分别进行分析。针对杂草的发生来源和特点,提出了草坪杂草的防除策略。     

深圳草坪越冬保绿的施肥研究

研究比较了4种肥料在深圳3个草坪草上对促进草坪草的生长和越冬保绿效果。结果表明,施肥处理对台湾草、马尼拉草和假检草均有明显的促进生长和越冬保绿效果。其中,施用有机无机草坪肥和草坪液肥的应用效果较其他两种肥料更好。     

昆明草坪草混播配方优化组合模式探讨

在昆明独特的气候条件下,通过对运动场草坪、观赏草坪和护坡草坪三类草坪混播配方的调查研究,探讨出了适应云南地区种植的9种优化组合。运动场草坪:草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)+高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)+多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.),草地早熟禾+高羊茅,草地早熟禾+狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.)+多年生黑麦草;观赏草坪:草地早熟禾+匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera L.),草地早熟禾+紫羊茅(Festuca rubra L.),草地早熟禾(优异)+草地早熟禾(蓝月)+草地早熟禾(新哥来得)+草地早熟禾(肯塔基);护坡草坪:高羊茅+多年生黑麦草+狗牙根,高羊茅+多年生黑麦草+狗牙根+白三叶(Trifolium repens L.),高羊茅+多年生黑麦草+狗牙根+白三叶+紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)。     

不同杀菌剂对草坪草病原菌毒力的作用测定

采用生长速率法测定了不同杀菌剂对3种主要引起坪草病害的褐斑病菌、腐霉枯萎菌、夏季斑枯病菌的毒力。结果表明,烯唑醇、甲基硫菌灵、代森锰锌、咪鲜胺对立枯丝核菌的EC50值分别为0.078 3,5.968 4,7.181 2和11.386 8 mg/L,以烯唑醇对立枯丝核菌的毒力最高。烯唑醇、咪鲜胺、代森锰锌、甲基硫菌灵对夏季斑枯病菌的EC50值分别为0.016 2,0.554 4,6.035 3,1 218.497 8 mg/L,以烯唑醇抑菌效果显著优于其它3种杀菌剂。采用菌丝干重测定法测定了阿米西达、霜脲氰、霜克、咪鲜胺、代森锰锌对腐霉枯萎病菌的毒力,其EC50值依次为0.053 3,7.837 4,13.310 7,19.715 1,29.771 5 mg/L,以阿米西达的抑菌效果最好。