Infiltration in surface irrigated swelling soils

Infiltration characteristics for border strip irrigation at two sites with swelling clay soils were examined. Volume infiltrated was calculated from flow onto the field monitored with flow meters; depth of water in the soil estimated from soil samples taken before and after irrigation; and the advance profile which was used to calculate the volume infiltrated with time. Volume infiltrated was compared with volume of cracks before irrigation.Linear advance and observed crack closing supported the hypothesis that infiltration approached zero after about 10 min. Volume of cracks was less than 20% of the volume infiltrated. Wetting front was 3–10 times greater than depth of observed surface cracks. There was no significant correlation between intake opportunity time and depth of infiltration, but elevation irregularities were related to infiltration.     

石油污染土壤降解与土壤的环境关系

阐述了石油污染土壤的降解与土壤环境的关系;提出如何消除石油污染土壤降解的环境限制因子,为微生物降解石油提供最理想环境,是有效治理石油污染的关键.     

苹果果树渗灌试验研究

1989到1991年对10年生国光和金帅苹果品种的果树进行的渗灌试验结果如下:1,能节水并可防涝;2,可增加土壤孔隙度,提高土壤养分含量;3,增加吸收根数量,促进树体的生长发育。座果率和单株(或单位面积)产量均比漫灌(对照)区高;4,到1991年,果品质量有了明显的改善;5,多孔陶土管成本低;6,田间管理方便。     

南方机引水田耖的研制与应用

水田耖是南方水田耕作中一种精细平整水田田面的机具,耖田作业是水田插秧前的最后一道作业工序。耖田质量的好坏不仅影响水田的灌溉、排水,而且影响插秧的质量和秧苗的返青速度。为此,根据南方水田耖田作业的农艺要求,分析了机引水田耖在田间作业的受力状况及影响耖田作业的主要因素,提出水田耖的结构设计要求,开发了1PJ-1.5型水田耖,并在实际应用中进行验证。     

2株重组根瘤菌在4个大豆品种根圈中定殖动态的比较研究

在灭菌和未灭菌土盆栽缩影条件下，比较研究了重组大豆根瘤菌HN01DL和TA113QD在4个不同品种大豆根圈中的定殖动态与水平，并初步考察了其与共生效应的关系。结果表明：HN01DL在渝豆1号和宁镇1号大豆根圈表现出较强的适应性和竞争性，而TA113QD则在Williams大豆根圈的适应性较强，在宁镇1号大豆根圈的适应性较差，且供试菌在4种大豆根圈定殖动态与水平的差异在共生效应上也有一定程度的反映，但未达到显著水平。     

Study on Soil Improvement Measure of Plant Landscape Construction in Saline and Alkaline Area in Tianjin

Tianjin is located in North China, which is semi- arid climate, next to east of Bohai, but being influ- enced little by internal bay. The urban district and strand area locates in a crossing area between the al- luvial plain of Hai River and the land form…     

Fractional Distribution of Lead and Cadmium in Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge Compost

Sludge is produced wherever sewage purification takes place. The amount of municipal dry sludge in China is more than 5.0×106 t per year. There are lots of soil nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and or- ganic matters contained in sludge, but heavy …     

饲用复合酶对蛋用种鸡日粮磷的利用和生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷日粮添加复合酶制剂对蛋用种鸡磷的利用和生产性能的影响。选用972只24周龄罗曼褐父母代种鸡,分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复54只种鸡。采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础饲粮,正对照组含总磷0.55%,非植酸磷0.40%,不加酶;负对照组含总磷0.40%,非植酸磷0.21%,不加酶;试验组含总磷0.40%,非植酸磷0.21%,加酶制剂。试验期18周。结果表明:在低非植酸磷的日粮中添加复合酶,粪便中磷含量极显著低于正对照组(P<0.01);粪便中粗蛋白质含量显著低于正对照组和负对照组(P<0.05);显著改善蛋黃顔色(P<0.05);不影响生产性能、骨骼发育和蛋壳质量。添加200 g/t复合酶替代罗曼褐蛋用种鸡日粮中75%的磷酸氢钙能够降低饲料成本,提高养殖企业的经济效益,对罗曼褐蛋用种鸡生产性能无不利影响。     

苇状羊茅和鸭茅的水土保持效果

为了解苇状羊茅和鸭茅两种地方牧草的水土保持性能,2003~2005年对退耕坡地种植的苇状羊茅和鸭茅进行了植被盖度、产草量、根系生物量、径流量、土壤侵蚀量和理化性状的测定比较。结果表明,两种草地盖度分别在播种90 d和120 d后均达到100%,鲜草产量高,径流量分别比对照减少32.7%和38.0%,土壤侵蚀量分别比对照降低80.00%和88.57%,根系数量多,集中分布于0~25 cm土层中,具有良好的水土保持特性,比较适宜在退耕坡地还草中利用。     

不同土壤条件对蓝莓光合作用和叶片氮、磷、钾含量的影响

本实验以南高丛蓝莓品种‘绿宝石’为研究材料,以土壤pH、有机肥施用量和珍珠岩施用量三个因素设置正交实验,研究蓝莓在不同土壤条件和不同生长时期,其净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率以及叶片氮、磷、钾含量的变化规律,为蓝莓健康生长提供理论依据。结果表明：萌芽期,最佳处理土壤条件为土壤pH值4.2,有机肥施用量14.4 kg,珍珠岩施用量3600 g,净光合速率达到11.23 umol CO2 m-2s-1。生长旺期,最佳土壤条件为土壤pH值5.8,有机肥施用量7.2 kg,珍珠岩施用量为5400 g,最大净光合速率达到10.11 umol CO2 m-2s-1。挂果期,最佳处理土壤条件为土壤pH值5.8,有机肥施用量14.4 kg,珍珠岩施用量1800 g,净光合速率为8.78 umol CO2 m-2s-1。综上所述,在不同时期,土壤pH、有机肥施用量和珍珠岩施用量配比施用对蓝莓光合作用和叶片氮磷钾含量具有显著影响,但不同时期对土壤条件需求不同,应该结合蓝莓生长的实际需求,在不同时期对蓝莓土壤条件进行改良,以利于蓝莓生长。