应用遥感技术估算东亚沙尘携沙量

应用中国重点城市环境监测站的大气可吸入颗粒物 PM1 0 指标和 N OAA - AVH RR的大气上界的反射率指标 ,首先从遥感影象上确定沙尘。同时利用单通道遥感方法 ,从 AVH RR可见光通道反演东亚沙尘气溶胶光学厚度的空间分布 ,进一步依据沙尘气溶胶光学厚度与沙尘载荷的定量关系 ,估算出一次东亚沙尘的携沙量。基于卫星遥感的沙尘携沙量为风力侵蚀的定量研究提供了一个新方法     

北缘地区毛竹实生林生长与立地条件的关系

为了探讨北缘地区毛竹实生林生长发育与立地条件的关系,选用10 a生毛竹实生林地开展制约实生林生长的因素研究。结果表明：在种源和培育措施都相同的条件下,立地条件与毛竹胸径生长量有密切的关系,不同的立地条件对竹林的林分结构有着较为显著的影响,不同的土壤厚度是导致立竹径阶分布显著差异的主要因素。因此,毛竹实生苗造林立地条件的...     

树皮厚度和树皮系数变化规律的研究

研究树皮厚度和树皮系数的变化规律从而揭示树皮的变化规律,对提高林分蓄积生长量的精度有着重要的现实意义。通过实地测量树木的直径和树皮厚度,经过相关公式计算统计分析,结果表明,树皮厚度随直径的增大而呈现增加的趋势,树皮系数随直径的增大而呈现减小的趋势。桦树和山杨总树皮系数分别为1．093和1．078,其变动系数桦树O．94％,山杨为0．81％。     

聚乙二醇对五硼酸铵改性结构刨花板吸水性能的影响

试验引入聚乙二醇改性体系以补偿五硼酸铵处理结构刨花板时造成物理力学性能的降低,并研究了处理后结构刨花板的吸水性能。结果表明：24h吸水厚度膨胀率和24h吸水率这两项指标与五硼酸铵添加量的相关性最大,该两项结果均随五硼酸铵添加量的增加而增大。聚乙二醇种类对结构刨花板吸水性的影响大于添加量的作用。尤其是24h吸水率,4个添加量水平下的结果均无显著性差异。     

Influence of smoke exposure on soil enzyme activities and nitrification

Summary Soil was exposed to red phosphorous/butyl rubber (RP/BR) aerosols at various relative humidities in a recirculating environmental wind tunnel. Soil microbial and enzymatic activities were measured immediately after exposure and periodically thereafter for 56 days. The nitrification potential was significantly reduced in soil amended with ammonium sulfate and exposed to RP/BR smoke, and could be related to a decline in soil pH. The rate of nitrate formation in unamended soil with time was also reduced, but by 57 days postexposure, concentrations were similat to those of unexposed controls in all but the thinnest soil lense. Soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activities were sensitive to RP/BR smoke and in some treatments no activity was detected. The measured activities did not recover within the 56-day postexposure period and in some cases declined. Soil lense thickness was the greatest factor controlling the degree of RP/BR effects, indicating that injury to soil microbial and enzymatic activities may be surficial. Deposition of smoke particles increased with increasing relative humidity, which had a significant impact on the activities measured.     

预切种式木薯排种机构设计与试验

针对当前预切种式木薯播种器存在充种效果差、合格指数低的问题，该研究设计了一种由落种滑板、主动辊筒、型孔摩擦带、支撑辊组、从动辊筒及储种箱等组成的预切种式木薯型孔摩擦带式精密排种机构。阐述了排种机构的基本结构和工作原理。对关键部件参数进行设计，通过理论分析确定影响排种机构充种性能的主要因素为型孔摩擦带型孔形状、型孔数量、型孔摩擦带安装倾角、型孔摩擦带速度以及种茎层厚度。基于离散元法（discrete element method,DEM）建立种茎群-型孔摩擦带仿真模型，通过单因素仿真分析各因素对充种性能及种茎群规律的影响。以充种合格指数和漏充指数为评价指标，通过二次回归正交旋转组合仿真分析确定最优参数，利用Design-Expert数据软件，建立各试验因素与评价指标的数学回归模型，并进行参数优化。结果表明，影响充种合格指数和漏充指数的因素主次顺序为型孔摩擦带速度、型孔摩擦带安装倾角和种茎层厚度，圆整后的最优参数为型孔摩擦带速度0.6 m/s、型孔摩擦带安装倾角45°，种茎层厚度250 mm，此时的模型预测充种合格指数为94.63%，漏充指数为3.42%，重充指数为1.95%。在最优参数下...     

不同砂光量下展平竹板硬度及回弹率研究

竹材是粘弹性材料,在载荷条件下会产生弹性变形。以毛竹展平板材为研究对象,研究不同的竹材表面砂光量对其硬度以及卸载后对竹壁回弹率的影响。研究结果显示,随着展平竹板表面砂光量的增大,硬度先有上升的趋势,在砂光量为0.5 mm达最大值后逐渐降低;竹壁的回弹率随着表面砂光量的增大而逐渐降低,在砂光量为1.5 mm后下降趋势变缓;同时,竹壁的回弹率也随着卸载后陈放时间的延长而逐渐增大,但是增大趋势逐渐趋缓。     

围护结构特性对微型冷库降温性能影响的研究

围护结构对微型冷库造价及性能有着重要的影响。通过有限生命周期内微型冷库经济性能的分析，推导了微型冷库在使用年限不同时的经济保温层厚度计算公式。并在此基础上分析了围护结构的变化对微型冷库降温性能的影响，结果表明降温性能与围护结构的参数具有紧密的联系，而与库体容积的关系最小。     

Spatial variability of O layer thickness and humus forms under different pine beech–forest transformation stages in NE Germany

Spatial variability of humus layer (O layer) thicknesses can have important impacts upon soil water dynamics, nutrient storage and availability, as well as plant growth. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the impact of forest‐transformation practices on the spatial variability of O layer thicknesses. The study focused on the Kahlenberg forest area (NE Germany) with stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) of different age structures that form a transformation chronosequence from pure Scots pine stands towards pure European beech stands. Topsoil profiles including both, the O layer and the uppermost humic mineral soil horizon were excavated at intervals of 0.4 m along 15–20 m long transects, and spatial variability of O layer thicknesses was quantified by variogram analysis. The correlation lengths of total O layer thickness increased in the sequence consisting of pure pine stand (3.1 m) → older mixed stand (3.7 m) → pure beech stand (4.5 m), with the exception of the younger mixed stand, for which no correlation lengths of total O layer thickness could be determined. The degree of spatial correlation, i.e., the percentage of the total variance which can be described by variograms, was highest for the two monospecies stands, whereas this percentage was distinctly lower for the two mixed stands. A similar minimum for the two mixed stands was observed for the correlation lengths of the Oh horizon. These results suggest that the spatial structures of forest‐transformation stands may be interpreted in terms of a disturbance (in the form of the underplanting of beech trees). After this disturbance, the forest ecosystem requires at least 100 y to again reach relative equilibrium. These findings are in line with the results of other soil‐related investigations at these sites.     

柳杉木材密度测定研究

设定了长岭岗林场23年生柳杉人工林木材密度指标，分析立地条件对柳杉木材密度的影响，同时讨论了改善木材密度的方法。结果显示；立地条件对柳杉全干密度的影响差异显著，全干密度的差异主要是由土层厚度和土壤肥力的差异所导致。薄土陡坡及山脊上林木的气干密度和基本密度高于其它3种类型的密度指标。