甜玉米果皮厚度遗传分析及 QTL 定位

【目的】对甜玉米果皮厚度性状进行主基因 + 多基因遗传分析及 QTL 定位,研究甜玉米果皮厚度 的遗传机理,选育优质甜玉米品种。【方法】选用果皮厚度差异显著的甜玉米自交系 T15 与 T77 配制杂交组合 T77×T15。以该组合的 F2 群体作为试验材料,采用主基因 + 多基因混合遗传方法进行遗传模型分析;结合 F2 群 体各单株的果皮厚度及 SSR 遗传连锁图谱,利用复合区间作图法对甜玉米果皮厚度进行 QTL 定位。【结果】甜 玉米果皮厚度的最适模型为 A-1,即受 1 对主基因控制的加性和部分显性的遗传模型,主基因遗传率 69.10%。 在第 5、8 染色体上分别检测出 3 个与果皮厚度相关的 QTL,其中第 5 染色体 bin5.04 区域检测到 2 个 QTL, 分别位于标记区间 bnlg150~bnlg653 和 bnlg653~bnlg1208,加性效应值分别为 -2.39 和 -3.01;位于第 8 染色体 的 QTL 在 bin8.03~bin8.04 区域,标记区间为 umc1741~bnlg2046,加性效应值为 -3.06,表型贡献率为 22.02%。 【结论】甜玉米果皮厚度以主基因效应为主,在育种实践中可在早期世代进行遗传改良选择。试验检测到的 QTL 可用于分子标记辅助选择和品质育种。     

水稻食味品质性状间相关性分析及其与叶片光合作用的关系

为明确优质稻米品质性状及其与叶片光合作用的关系,培育筛选优良食味水稻新品种,以河南省沿黄稻区8个优良食味水稻品种为试验材料,在大田栽培条件下,对稻米的直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、加工品质指标（糙米率、精米率和整精米率）和外观品质指标（垩白粒率和垩白度）等性状进行测定和分析,并对籽粒灌浆期水稻剑叶的光合速率进行检测。结果表明,8个供试优良水稻品种的糙米率、精米率和整精米率均较高,品种间的变异系数较低;稻米外观品质垩白粒率和垩白度在品种间差异较大,变异系数分别为39.73%和36.49%;影响稻米食味品质的直链淀粉、蛋白质含量和食味值在品种间变异系数相对较小,均低于5%。相关分析表明,蛋白质含量与食味值呈显著的开口向上的左偏抛物线关系（r=0.827*）,直链淀粉含量与食味值呈极显著的直线负相关关系（r=-0.905**）,糙米粒厚与食味值呈显著的开口向下的抛物线关系（r=0.747*）;外观品质指标、蛋白质含量和食味值与灌浆中后期的叶片光合速率均呈负相关关系,直链淀粉含量与之呈正相关关系。说明蛋白质和直链淀粉含量越低稻米的食味越好,在一定范围内,随着糙米粒厚的增加食味增加,而糙米粒厚大于2.1 mm,食味值反而下降;提高水稻灌浆中、后期叶片的光合速率,有利于改善稻米的外观和营养品质,而稻米直链淀粉含量增加,食味值下降。因此,水稻叶片的高光合效率在优质食味米选育方面存在一定的选择压力,合理调控水稻中后期叶片的光合速率对提高和改善稻米食味品质具有重要意义。     

Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses

Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema (CPL)‐associated traits in Belgian Draught Horses were estimated, using a multitrait animal model. Clinical scores of CPL in the four limbs/horse (CPL_clin), skinfold thickness and hair samples (hair diameter) were studied. Due to CPL_clin uncertainty in younger horses (progressive CPL character), a restricted data set (D_3+) was formed, excluding records from horses under 3 years from the complete data set (D_full). Age, gender, coat colour and limb hair pigmentation were included as fixed, permanent environment and date of recording as random effects. Higher CPL_clin certainty (D_3+) increased heritability coefficients of, and genetic correlations between traits, with CPL_clin heritabilities (SE) for the respective data sets: 0.11 (0.06) and 0.26 (0.05). A large proportion of the CPL_clin variance was attributed to the permanent environmental effect in D_full, but less in D_3+. Date of recording explained a proportion of variance from 0.09 ± 0.03 to 0.61 ± 0.08. Additive genetic correlations between CPL_clin and both skinfold thickness and hair diameter showed the latter two traits cannot be used as a direct diagnostic aid for CPL. Due to the relatively low heritability of CPL_clin, selection should focus on estimated breeding values (from repeated clinical examinations) to reduce CPL occurrence in the Belgian Draught Horse.     

玉米粒部性状对子粒脱水速率的影响

以8个自交系配制的56个玉米杂交组合为试验材料,对子粒脱水速率、子粒果皮厚度及子粒大小性状进行测定与分析。结果表明,子粒果皮厚度和子粒大小对子粒水分有一定影响,果皮厚度与子粒脱水速率呈负相关,与子粒含水量呈正相关;子粒的长、宽、厚均与子粒脱水速率呈正相关,且子粒长与子粒脱水速率的相关性显著。     

QTL Mapping for Rice Hull Thickness and Related Traits in Hybrid RiceXieyou 9308简

We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 165 rice recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Zhonghui 9308 (Z9308) and Xieqingzao B (XB) in Hainan and Hangzhou, China. Grain thickness (GT), brown rice thickness (BRT), hull thickness (HT) and milling quality were used for QTL mapping. HT was significantly and positively correlated with GT and BRT. Twenty-nine QTLs were detected with phenotypic effects ranging from 2.80% to 21.27%. Six QTLs, qGT3, qBRT3, qBRT4, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, were detected repeatedly across two environments. Inherited from XB, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 showed stable expression, explaining 9.92%, 21.27% and 10.83% of the phenotypic variances in Hainan and 9.61%, 6.40% and 6.71% in Hangzhou, respectively. Additionally, the QTL cluster between RM5944 and RM5626 on chromosome 3 was probably responsible for GT and milling quality. The cluster between RM6992 and RM6473 on chromosome 4 played an important role in grain filling. Three near isogenic lines (NILs), X345, X338 and X389, were selected because they contained homozygous fragments from Zhonghui 9308, corresponding to qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, respectively. The hull of XB was thicker than those of X345, X338 and X389. In all the lines, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 that regulated rice HT were stably inherited with obvious genetic effects.     

强化地板吸水厚度膨胀率测定的影响因素分析

以强化地板为研究对象,在保持其他条件不变的情况下,通过改变试件的浸渍温度、浸泡时间、试件尺寸以及试件温湿度的处理条件等因素,分别测试了强化地板的吸水厚度膨胀率,通过对比分析研究它们对测试值的影响。结果表明：随着浸渍温度的升高,强化地板的吸水膨胀率也随之变大;随着浸泡时间的延长,强化地板的吸水膨胀率呈现逐渐升高的趋势,并逐渐趋于缓和;试件尺寸大小对强化地板吸水厚度膨胀率影响较大,随着试件尺寸的增加,强化地板的吸水膨胀率显著减小;不同平衡处理条件下强化地板吸水厚度膨胀率差异较大,高温高湿平衡处理吸水厚度膨胀率降低,低温低湿平衡处理使吸水厚度膨胀率增加。     

棉花叶片厚度的高光谱测试方法

植物叶片厚度的变化能够指示植物生长状态的改变,为了实时、活体、无损地获取叶片厚度,该研究以棉花叶片为研究对象,利用DPS、Origin统计分析软件分析84组光谱数据与叶片厚度的相关性。研究表明,光谱反射率与叶片厚度在可见光350～369 nm及664～689 nm 2个较窄区域达到了极显著正相关关系,在红外917～1 884、2 048～2 380 nm 2个区域呈极显著负相关关系,总体相关程度红外波段高于可见光波段。红边参数与叶片厚度的相关性不高,24个形状参数与厚度达到了极显著相关水平,其中,中心为980 nm的吸收谷面积与叶片厚度相关度最高,相关系数为0.848。分别用反射率、植被指数、光谱形状参数建立并测试3个估算模型,相对误差最高为7.4%,均方根差最高为0.051 mm。结果表明利用高光谱分析技术,可以实现叶片厚度的快速、活体测量。     

固始鹅蛋壳质量性状分析

试验旨在分析固始鹅的蛋壳质量性状，为品种资源普查提供素材。在农户散放饲养的鹅中随机收集56枚鹅蛋，对鹅蛋的蛋壳重占总蛋重的比例和不同部位蛋壳厚度进行测定。结果表明，蛋壳重占总蛋重的比例平均为12.32%；平均蛋壳厚度为0.517 mm，大多数鹅蛋的蛋壳锐端厚度比钝端和中间高。     

不同日粮组成对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

选用５７６只１５４日龄海赛克斯蛋鸡探讨不同日粮组成对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。共计３个处理，每个处理４个重复，每个重复４８只鸡，全阶梯三层笼养，自由采食、饮水，进行产蛋率大于８０％的饲养试验。试验期为４周。试验结束后，对各处理的产蛋率、只日产蛋量、料蛋比、破蛋率、每千克蛋耗料成本及蛋的品质指标进行统计分析。试验结果表明，采食３种日粮的试鸡在产蛋量、破蛋率、采食量等指标差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但采食无鱼粉日粮的试鸡料蛋比、死淘率最低，每千克蛋饲料成本最低（Ｐ＜０．０５），且产蛋率最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位４项指标上３个处理间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Strong heritability across years and sites for pod wall proportion and specific weight in Lupinus albus and genotypic correlation with other pod and seed attributes

Thinner pod walls might contribute to increased yield potential and adaptation of lupins. Fourteen autumn‐sown genotypes of Lupinus albus L. were evaluated over 2 years at four sites in southern Chile. Pod wall proportion (PWP), pod wall specific weight (WSW) and five other pod‐related characters were measured to estimate their genetic variation, heritability across years and sites, and genotypic and phenotypic correlations among the characters. Ranges for PWP and pod WSW were 22.9−43.1% and 16.4−37.4 mg/cm², respectively. PWP in cultivated L. albus was similar to that reported in L. angustifolius; however, specific weight was substantially lower. Highly significant genotypic effects were found for both characters. Broad sense heritabilities were high for PWP (0.63) and moderate for pod WSW (0.46). These characters were significantly correlated, more so genotypically (r_g = 0.67) than phenotypically (r_ph = 0.36). Selection for low PWP should lead to lower pod wall thickness or density, both of which contribute to pod WSW. Nevertheless, selection for pod WSW could achieve further reductions, particularly if practised among low PWP materials.