复杂摆动式豌豆胚皮分离机设计

针对淀粉行业急需对豌豆脱皮后的豆胚与豆皮混合物进行分离这一现状,设计了一种复杂摆动式豌豆胚皮分离机。为此,在介绍了分离机结构原理的基础上,对其驱动功率和曲轴转速等总体参数进行了设计计算。该分离机的分离盘从靠近曲轴端的回转运动逐渐转变为靠近调节板端的往复摆动,以带动物料做复杂摆动动作实施分离,保证了豆胚与豆皮的分离效果。设计后的分离机完全能够满足规模淀粉企业的使用要求。     

响应面法优化鱿鱼皮酶解工艺研究

为研究木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的最佳酶解条件,通过单因素试验研究了酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度对鱿鱼皮水解度的影响。结果显示,3个因素对鱿鱼皮水解度均有不同程度的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,以水解度为响应值,酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度为自变量,采用Box-Benhnken响应面法设计3因素3水平优化试验,通过响应面分析,建立了二次多项数学模型对酶解条件进行优化,获得木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的最佳条件:酶添加量4 560 U/g,酶解时间3.2 h和酶解温度50℃。在该条件下木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的水解度可达15.53%,与模型预测值基本一致。研究表明,通过响应面法获得的数学预测模型能较好地预测木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的效果,试验结果为鱿鱼加工副产物高值化利用提供了参考。     

The histological lesions of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var erinacei infection in dogs

A retrospective study of the histological features of four cases of canine Trichophyton menta-grophytes var erinacei infection is reported. In all four dogs the initial lesions affected the dorsal muzzle and in two dogs the lesions spread to more distant sites on the body. Clinically, the lesions were characterized by scaling, crusting and hair loss. Histologically, the main lesions were characterized by acanthosis, epidermal, ostial and infundibular hyperkeratosis, serocellular crusting, mural folliculitis and furunculosis. Fungal hyphae were usually sparse and often difficult to see in haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. When visible they were seen in the epidermal, ostial and infundibular scale and, less frequently, within hair shafts.     

Sulphido-leukotriene production from peripheral leukocytes and skin in clinically normal dogs and house dust mite positive atopic dogs

Pathogenesis of canine atopy has not been completely elucidated. In humans, sulphido-leukotrienes (s-LT) play a role in atopy, and increased production of s-LT occurs in the skin and peripheral leukocytes after allergen challenge. The study population included 16 clinically normal and 13 atopic dogs. All atopic dogs had in common a positive reaction (4+) to the intradermal injection of house dust mite (allergen of reference). Blood samples and skin biopsies were collected. Sulphido-LT synthesis by peripheral leukocytes after stimulation was measured, and no statistically significant difference was found between clinically normal and atopic dogs. Sulphido-LT concentrations in skin samples from stimulated and unstimulated sites were measured, and no statistically significant difference was detected between clinically normal and atopic dogs or between lesional and nonlesional skin within the atopic group. Clinical signs of atopic dogs were graded by owners and no correlation was found between their severity and cutaneous concentrations of s-LT. In this study there was no increase in s-LT synthesis in atopic dogs.     

Fast curing: A method to improve postharvest quality of onions in hot climate harvest

Most of the onions (Allium cepa cv. Orlando) grown in southern Israel are treated with maleic hydrazide before storage, and are cold-stored for up to 8 months with minimal losses to rots or sprouting. Nevertheless, in most cases the complete dry outer skin (tunic) cracks and loosens, and tends to fall off during storage. To improve onion postharvest quality, bulbs were harvested at 80–100% green leaf drop (top-down), leaving about 10 cm of neck above the bulb. The early harvest reduced skin cracks in 93% of the bulbs, resulting in a sturdy tunic beneath the muddy outer skin. We applied fast curing (FC) at 30 °C and 98% RH for up to 9 days postharvest: the onion neck became 52% narrower after 6 days, similar to the effect of 5 months of cold storage. FC also changed the color of the treated onion bulbs’ outer skin to a darker reddish brown. FC of onions harvested with a long neck and stored for 290 days reduced weight loss and rot by 30% and 80%, respectively, as compared to non-FC onions. The better onion quality induced by FC was accompanied by an increased number of onion skin layers (from an average of 1.8 to 4) and a higher force needed to tear the tunic (average 4.8 N as compared to 3.5 N in the control). FC compressed the effects of 5 months of cold storage into a few days, since most of the bulb neck and tunic changes measured during FC occurred only after long cold storage without FC. Although emission of the lachrymatory factor was not affected by FC, it markedly increased after 5 months of storage. Histological observation showed that FC keeps the onion tunic and inner fleshy scales intact and ensures postharvest quality, even after 8 months of cold storage. The high temperature used for FC can be reached in hot-climate storage areas with minimal energy investment.     

黄瓜果皮光泽性状的遗传分析及基因定位研究

 以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）果皮有光泽自交系‘1101’（P1）为母本,以3 个无光泽自交 系‘1116’（P2）、‘9930’（P3）、‘1107’（P4）为父本,分别构建6 世代遗传群体,对黄瓜果皮光泽性状 进行遗传规律分析和基因定位研究。结果表明,黄瓜果皮有光泽性状由显性单基因G 控制,有光泽对无 光泽为显性。利用‘1101’ב1116’的F2 群体,结合分离群体分组分析法（bulked segregate analysis, BSA）筛选得到了30 对与黄瓜果皮有光泽基因G 相关的SSR 标记,将该基因定位到黄瓜第5 染色体上, 侧翼标记为CS28 和SSR15818,遗传距离分别为2.0 cM 和6.4 cM。两侧翼标记之间的物理距离为454 kb, 在该区域中共预测了177 个候选基因。     

Fabrication of olive leaf extract and hazelnut skin incorporated films to improve the quality of nuggets during refrigerated and deep freeze storage

ABSTRACT

1. Olive leaf extract (OLE) and hazelnut skin (HS), which are known to have good antioxidant activity, were added into chicken nuggets in different ways. In the first method, the nuggets were coated with sodium alginate-calcium chloride-based coatings containing OLE and HS. In the second method, OLE and HS were directly added into the nugget patties. Nuggets that did not contain any additive (C1) and the samples prepared with the coating solution that did not include any additives (C2) were assigned as controls.

2. Nuggets were stored at two different temperatures, either in a refrigerator (4°C) or in a deep freezer (?18°C) for 21 days and 90 days respectively. Moisture content (%), pH, antioxidant status (TBARS), colour and microbial count (total mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic bacteria) analyses were carried out during storage.

3. At the end of refrigerator storage (day 21), TBARS values for samples in which OLE and HS were directly added were found to be lower than those with OLE and HS coatings (P < 0.05). Total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria were found to be the lowest in the treatment in which HS was directly incorporated into nugget patty (P < 0.05).

4. For frozen samples, application of a coating containing OLE and HS and direct addition of HS into patties were found to be effective in reducing lipid oxidation. No microbial growth was determined in most of the samples stored in the deep freezer.     

牛蛙腐皮病病变皮肤亚显微结构的观察

为揭示牛蛙腐皮病的病理形态和发病的机理，采用透射电镜对病蛙不同病期的病变皮肤进行了观察，皮肤病变早期可见角化层脱落，状上皮细胞连接疏松，桥粒减少，随着病情发展细胞间隙增宽，桥粒进一步减少，细胞核固缩、溶解，细胞裂解；病变后期，表皮层崩解，真皮层胶原纤维溶解，炎症区有大量炎症细胞浸润，并可见吞噬了细菌的单核与中性粒细胞。     

"中华红又亮"对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果试验

试验选用体重约8kg的三元杂交猪(杜×长×大)60头,随机分成3组,每组2个重复,分别饲喂含不同剂量"中华红又亮"的饲粮,研究"中华红又亮"对仔猪生产性能、肤色的影响.结果表明,以"中华红又亮"取代饲粮中部分硫酸亚铁,可显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低料重比(P＜0.05),明显改善仔猪肤色.根据试验效果,仔猪饲粮中"中华红又亮"的添加浓度宜为3.0x10-.4 6.0x10-4.