红叶山茶(Camellia japonica)叶片色素含量与叶色参数的相关性分析

以3个红叶山茶品种‘红叶黑魔法’、‘黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’为试验材料,分别测定叶片不同发育阶段叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总花青苷含量及叶色参数L~*、a~*、b~*值,并通过相关性分析探讨叶色参数与叶片色素含量变化之间的关系。结果表明,首先,3个不同发育阶段叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量呈上升趋势,不同品种同一发育阶段的色素含量相近。‘红叶黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’叶片总花青苷含量在新叶展开10 d左右达到最大值,此后极显著下降,而‘黑魔法’叶片的花青苷含量则变化不大。其次,从色素比值来看,在新叶展开10 d时,花青苷的所占比值最大,‘红叶黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’的花青苷比值分别达到87.88%和79.08%,极显著地高于叶绿素所占比值。到50 d时,花青苷比值下降至31.74%和23.68%,且3个品种花青苷含量相近,而叶绿素和类胡萝卜素比例则显著增加,这一结果较好地解释了这3个品种叶片的呈色变化,说明花青苷含量及其各种色素含量的比例变化是导致红叶山茶叶色变化的主要原因。最后,3个品种的a*值均与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,而与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素呈负相关,a~*值可作为描述红叶山茶品种叶色变化的代表性参数。     

进口小麦中超标麦角的色选机剔除处理技术初探

通过色选机对进境小麦麦角超标进行加工处理,以剔除混在进境小麦中的麦角.结果显示:色选机可以剔除大部分麦角,使其含量降至国家标准以内.我们推荐参数(使用布勒-SORTEX B色选机时)为:小麦流量不超过设计产能80％,色选机初选异色剔除粒、疵点剔除粒分别设定为55％、50％,色选机复选异色剔除粒、疵点剔除粒分别设定为50...     

匹配点云结合HSI色彩分量的无人机RGB影像信息提取方法

无人机通常搭载可见光波段传感器获取红-绿-蓝（Red-Green-Blue,RGB）影像,由于无人机RGB影像波段较少,影像的地物信息提取存在一定难度。该研究提出了一种匹配点云结合色调-饱和度-亮度（Hue-Saturation-Intensity,HSI）空间色彩分量的无人机RGB影像信息提取方法。首先以饱和度分量和红光波段构造了饱和度与红光比值指数,再结合可见光波段差异植被指数以及由匹配点云获得的地形特征对研究区正射影像进行分类。试验结果表明,本文方法的总体分类精度达到了91.11%,Kappa系数为0.895,证明匹配点云结合HSI空间色彩分量的方法提取无人机RGB影像信息是可行的,提取结果具有较高精度。相较于基于光谱特征的传统方法,本文方法引入匹配点云可以简单高效地提取影像中高程差异明显的地物,同时,结合HSI色彩分量能够有效弥补无人机RGB影像光谱特征较少的不足。     

中药治疗兔子大面积皮肤缺损的疗效

探究中药对兔子大面积皮肤缺损的治疗效果。本研究对1例流浪兔子腰荐部皮肤大面积缺损,在不借助抗生素控制感染的情况下,仅通过中药白芨膏外敷治疗,简便包扎,通过6~7周的精细护理,完全痊愈。结果显示,此方法操作简便,疗效确实,中药对该病治疗具有一定的优势,这为临床应用中药治疗此类疾病提供了科学依据。     

西兰花蔬菜饮料的研制

以西兰花为主要原料,对西兰花饮料的护色方法、配方及稳定性进行了研究。试验结果表明,使用Cu(AC)2对西兰花进行漂烫处理,护色效果最好;通过正交试验确定出该饮品最佳配方为:西兰花200g的榨取原汁、水200mL、蔗糖25g、柠檬酸2mL(10%)、盐2.5mL(10%);另外选择CMC作为稳定剂,饮料的稳定性最佳。     

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.     

养殖刺参保苗期重大疾病“腐皮综合征”病原及其感染源分析

2003～2005年冬、春季,山东省和辽宁省众多养殖区域的保苗期刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)暴发了较为严重的传染性疾病-"腐皮综合征".该病波及面广,传染性强,死亡率常高达90%以上.发病症状主要表现为厌食、摇头、肿嘴、排脏、身体萎缩、口部溃烂乃至体表大面积溃疡.本研究对症状较为典型的3家海参保苗期的发病幼参进行了详细的病原学分析,从所有病参的病灶组织分离得到了1种占有绝对优势的菌株,经人工感染实验证明它对健康刺参具有较强的致病性,且感染病参的症状与自然发病海参的症状相同.通过形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA分子生物学方法对该菌进行的分类鉴定表明,导致保苗期刺参"腐皮综合征"的致病菌是假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens).同时也对3家养殖场刺参保苗养殖系统进行了分析研究.结果表明,水源中细菌含量不高,为(0.8×102)～(1.2×102)cells/mL,其特征与病灶处优势菌不同;而饵料中细菌含量最高可达3.2×106 cells/mL.饵料、池水和池底污物的优势菌与病灶处优势菌基本一致,说明饵料可能是病原菌的主要来源.本研究首次揭示了"腐皮综合征"导致保苗期刺参大规模死亡的原因及其致病原,对刺参健康养殖和病害防治具有重要的指导意义.     

日本鳗鲡腐皮病病原菌的分离及鉴定

从患腐皮病的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)体表溃烂处分离到1株病原菌(322A),对其进行了人工感染实验和生理生化分析,测定了该菌株的16S rRNA基因序列和促旋酶(gyrase)B亚单位gyrB基因序列,并分别构建系统发育树。结果显示:感染实验证实菌株322A具有致病性;生理生化分析鉴定该菌株属于气单胞菌属(Aero-monassp.);16S rRNA基因分析显示,该菌株与气单胞菌属细菌的同源性均在99%~100%,构建的系统树显示,菌株322A与嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila(FJ462702))亲缘关系最近;gyrB基因分析表明,该菌株与A.hydrophila种内序列的相似性为96%~98%,种间序列的相似性为94%~95%,构建的系统树结果显示,该菌株与A.hydrophila(FJ608553、FJ608552、AF208259)聚为一个分支。综合上述实验结果,菌株322A可鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加苜蓿叶粉对蛋品质的影响研究

选用罗曼粉成年蛋鸡,分成3个处理,处理1喂以基础日粮,作为对照组;处理2和处理3中分别添加5%、7%的苜蓿叶粉,作为试验组。对试验数据采用t检验进行分析。试验结果表明,饲粮中添加不同水平的苜蓿草粉对蛋黄颜色有极显著促进的作用(P<0.01),对蛋的品质及蛋壳品质无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加7%的苜蓿草叶粉时对蛋壳颜色有明显的加深(P<0.01)。     

Characterization and Film-Forming Properties of Gelatins from Whitemouth Croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) Skin and Bones

The Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), due to its abundance, is considered one of the most traditional and important species fished in the coastal waters and estuaries of South America. The aim of this work was to produce biopolymeric films of gelatins obtained from skin and bones of Whitemouth croaker. The fish gelatins were characterized through the yield, chemical composition, physiochemical, and rheological properties. The films were characterized by tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and optical properties. The values of protein yield, hydroxyproline content, gel strength, melting temperature, gelling temperature, and viscosity of the skin gelatin were higher than the values of the bone gelatin. The films obtained of skin gelatin showed all properties and thermal analysis superior in relation to the films of bone gelatin; this can be justified by the best physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the skin gelatin.