猪血清丙二醛与脂肪代谢和肝功变化关系的研究

为研究猪血清丙二醛与脂肪代谢和肝功变化的关系,分别检测了脂肪代谢紊乱猪和正常猪血清丙二醛(MDA)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)等5个指标含量.检测结果显示,两组猪血清肝功能指标AST和ALT含量变化显著;脂肪代谢中MDA的含量变化显著,正常猪显著低于黄脂猪;TG和TCH含量变化不明显.相关性分析显示,MDA和AST、ALT呈较强的正相关,与TG呈简单的正相关,与TCH呈负相关,表明可以用血清中MDA含量预测AST和ALT含量.     

The combined effect of feed frequency and ration size of diets with and without microbial biomass on the growth and feed conversion of juvenile Penaeus monodon

Feed management strategies that maximize shrimp growth and optimize feed utilization are critical to the cost‐effectiveness of production. In this study, juvenile Penaeus monodon (~3 g) were cultured for 6 weeks in a laboratory‐based clear‐water tank system. The experiment design was a three‐way factorial with two diets (Diet A – standard industry formulation or Diet B – the same diet with 10% microbial biomass), two feed frequencies (twice or six times daily) and three rations (60%, 80% and 100% of satiation). The results demonstrated clear growth benefits of feeding more than two times per day and feed efficiency benefits of a restricted ration. There was also a significant interaction between frequency and ration, which demonstrated that growth improved using six feeds compared with two feeds as ration amount decreased. The effects of frequency and ration were consistent for both diets; however, the addition of a microbial biomass provided significant growth improvements across all treatments. These outcomes define the gains produced by the combined effect of frequency and ration and suggest a compromise between feed utilization and feeding effort for adoption in feed management strategies.     

Using residual water from a marine shrimp farming BFT system. Part II: Artemia franciscana biomass production fed microalgae grown in reused BFT water

The residual water from intensive aquaculture production systems can be utilized in integrated multitrophic cultivations. In this work, Artemia franciscana received daily feedings of 10 mg L^?1 of Tetraselmis chuii, Nannochloropsis oculata and Chaetoceros muelleri, which were grown using residual water from an intensive biofloc Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation system. The goal of this study was to verify which species provide the best zootechnical performance and best crustacean biomass production efficiency. After 12 days of cultivation, A. franciscana wet biomass was 815.64 ± 18.74, 650.81 ± 83.98 and 40.76 ± 4.08 mg L^?1 with C. muelleri, T. chuii and N. oculata (P < 0.05), with significant differences in dried biomass as well. As for the microalgae cultivation in the alternative culture medium, T. chuii had higher dry biomass gain, requiring less culture volume to achieve 10 mg L^?1 and become ready to feed Artemia. Thus, T. chuii was the most efficient in Artemia biomass production with 0.83 L compared to 1.54 L g art^?1 in C. muelleri. C. muelleri is recommended for feeding A. franciscana for biomass production purposes. However, due to its better efficiency, T. chuii can be selected to be part of a multitrophic system.     

Influence of stocking density on the behaviour of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)

Applied ethology can help to improve Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture. Our purpose was to demonstrate an influence of stocking density on behaviour. The shrimp were first distributed in aquaria and observed via an ad libitum observational method to construct an ethogram of social and feeding behavioural categories. The resulting ethogram consisted of retreat, cannibalism, getting to the feeding tray, occupying the feeding tray and getting feed. We then kept shrimp in aquaria at densities of 50, 75 and 100 animals m^?2 and observed them via a behavioural sampling method using our ethogram as well as focal animal sampling of behaviours derived from the literature. These literature‐derived behaviours consisted of inactivity, feeding, crawling, exploration, burying, swimming and cleaning. We found that stocking density affects the behaviour of the shrimp. Optimal searching and feeding and a low frequency of crawling and swimming occurred at a density of 50 animals m^?2, indicating a higher potential for growth and welfare at this density.     

DL-乙硫氨酸对大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响

为研究肝细胞脂肪变性后发生的变化。采用体外培养DL-乙硫氨酸诱导的大鼠原代肝细胞作为试验材料。油红O染色经5.0 mmol/L DL-乙硫氨酸处理的贴壁良好培养24 h和48 h的肝细胞,光学显微镜400倍下观察肝细胞的脂质变化,拍照,分析生化指标数据。结果表明,对照组细胞内可见正常脂滴,大量大小不一颜色鲜红的脂滴染色后汇集成块于模型组细胞胞浆内。模型组载脂蛋白B含量降低,甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量升高,与对照组比较差异极显著(P0.01)。     

The in‐vitro antibacterial effects of organic salts,chemical disinfectants and antibiotics against pathogens of black disease in fairy shrimp of Thailand

The antibacterial effects of organic salts, chemical disinfectants and antibiotics were evaluated on cultures of Aeromonas hydrophila C03, Aeromonas sobria C26, A. sobria C29, Aeromonas caviae C24 and Acinetobacter sp. SH‐94B, the pathogens that cause black disease found in fairy shrimps (Streptocephalus sirindhornae Sanoamuang et al. (2000) and Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan & Murugan) of Thailand. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of organic salts (sodium chloride and potassium chloride) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline dihydrate, streptomycin sulphate, kanamycin monosulphate, chloramphenicol and ampicillin) were determined using the agar‐dilution method. The effect of chemical disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide) was evaluated by exposing bacteria to different concentrations of these chemicals for different periods of time. Interestingly, all strains were intrinsically resistant to 0.25–3% sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The effect of sodium hypochlorite was greater than that of chlorine dioxide, and 5–20 μg mL^?1 of sodium hypochlorite was sufficient to inhibit the growth of these bacteria, but the exposure time varied, depending on the bacterial species. Of the antibiotics tested, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline dihydrate completely inhibited the selected strains. Chloramphenicol showed the highest antibacterial effect against all pathogenic species – the MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 μg mL^?1 from 3.1 to 6.25 μg mL^?1, respectively. To achieve control of black disease during cultivation of fairy shrimp, data derived from this study can be used as a basis for further toxicity tests in vivo.     

A single-step multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of white spot syndrome virus and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus in penaeid shrimp

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) are the major viral pathogens of penaeid shrimp worldwide (Lightner & Redman 1998). Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced into China from the Americas, and quickly became widely cultured. Following its introduction, both IHHNV and WSSV have become important pathogens of cultured penaeid shrimp and have had a huge impact on the culture industry in China in recent years.     

植物性油脂提高鸭产肝性能的研究

[目的]探索鸭肥肝高效生产的新油脂来源。[方法]通过添加4%玉米油或鸭油对骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭进行填饲试验,比较添加动、植物油脂对鸭产肝性能的影响。[结果]经过2周填饲,骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭的体重增长达43%,而肝重至少高出对照组5倍。填饲期添加玉米油较添加鸭油更利于提高肝重与降低料肝比,但差异不显著。骡鸭和樱桃谷鸭对玉米油的敏感性存在明显差异,而且骡鸭的产肝性能优于樱桃谷鸭。[结论]填饲期添加玉米油更有利于诱导鸭肥肝的形成。     

抗癌防移片联合化疗治疗中晚期胃癌肝转移临床观察

目的 观察抗癌防移片联合化疗对中晚期胃癌肝转移的临床疗效。方法 将60例本病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。对照组予以SOX方案化疗,治疗组在同对照组治疗基础上加用抗癌防移片。对两组近期客观疗效、卡氏功能状态（Karnofsky Performance Status, KPS）评分、癌胚抗原（Carcino-embryonic antigen, CEA）变化及不良反应发生率进行比较。结果 治疗组近期疗效及CEA水平、KPS评分改善明显优于对照组（P<0.05）,不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组肝肾损伤均为轻度（P>0.05）。结论 抗癌防移片联合化疗可提高中晚期胃癌肝转移患者局部控制率,有效减少化疗不良反应的发生,改善患者生活质量,具有增效减毒抗癌的作用。