神木县三元杂交肉牛肥育试验

以秦蒙二元杂交牛为对照组,丹秦蒙、利秦蒙和安秦蒙3个三元杂交肉牛分别为试验组,每组6头周岁左右阉牛进行为期100d的肥育对比试验,试验组平均日增重1341.10g、比对照组提高35.90%,精料增重比3.09、降低26.50%,千克增重效益4.78元、提高60.90%。试验组与对照组间各项指标的差异均达显著以上水平(P<0.05-0.001)。在肥育期增长率、饲料报酬和单位增重效益等重要指标上,均以安秦蒙组相对最高,因而红安格斯可做为当地肉牛三元杂交之首选终端父本。     

海南黄牛种质资源的保护和利用探讨

本文阐述了海南黄牛的品种特性与发展现状,讨论了海南黄牛种质退化原因,提出了海南黄牛种质资源保护和开发利用策略,探讨了热带气候条件下海南黄牛种质资源保护的具体措施。     

安格斯肉牛改良沿河本地黄牛效果研究

应用安格斯肉牛细管冻精改良沿河本地黄牛。经观测：安本F_1牛体型趋向父本、毛色呈显性遗传,多为黑色或黑褐色;平均初生重为20．80±2．63kg,6月龄体重为111．08±5．02kg,12月龄体重为172．91±12．47kg,18月龄体重为229．56±14．67kg,比同龄的沿河本地黄牛分别提高46．99%、43．55%、45．81%和47．79%,差异极显著(P＜0．01);各月龄阶段的体尺指标均显著高于本地黄牛(P＜0．05),增长幅度大多在10%～20%之间。结果表明：安格斯肉牛改良沿河本地黄牛、杂种优势明显,能显著改善本地黄牛体形不足的缺陷,安本F_1牛生长发育快,且抗病力强,耐粗饲,适应能力强,是改良山区黄牛的理想肉牛品种,值得推广。     

多雨年份牛羊主要寄生虫病综合防制措施

由于今年我省降雨量偏多,部分地区已发生洪涝灾害,极易引发牛羊主要寄生虫病的暴发流行。为防止寄生虫病暴发造成重大经济损失,本文详细阐述了阻断牛羊主要寄生虫病传播的关键因素,并针对历年危害严重的东毕吸虫、肝片吸虫、胃肠道线虫和疥癣等几种主要寄生虫病的流行病学特点提出了综合防制措施,以期降低牛、羊主要寄生虫病的发生,提高牛、羊养殖业的经济效益。     

秦川牛智能化专家系统的研制

概述了研究秦川牛智能化专家系统的目的和意义,具体阐述了系统的研制与开发过程及系统的研制主要通过确定系统的主要的研究方向、获取知识、建立模块、编辑规则等过程来完成。该系统操作简单方便,在生产中可以广泛应用[1]。     

Identification of genomic regions that exhibit sexual dimorphism for size and muscularity in cattle

Sexual dimorphism, the phenomenon whereby males and females of the same species are distinctive in some aspect of appearance or size, has previously been documented in cattle for traits such as growth rate and carcass merit using a quantitative genetics approach. No previous study in cattle has attempted to document sexual dimorphism at a genome level; therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine whether genomic regions associated with size and muscularity in cattle exhibited signs of sexual dimorphism. Analyses were undertaken on 10 linear-type traits that describe the muscular and skeletal characteristics of both males and females of five beef cattle breeds: 1,444 Angus (AA), 6,433 Charolais (CH), 1,129 Hereford, 8,745 Limousin (LM), and 1,698 Simmental. Genome-wide association analyses were undertaken using imputed whole-genome sequence data for each sex separately by breed. For each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that was segregating in both sexes, the difference between the allele substitution effect sizes for each sex, in each breed separately, was calculated. Suggestively (P ≤ 1 × 10⁻⁵) sexually dimorphic SNPs that were segregating in both males and females were detected for all traits in all breeds, although the location of these SNPs differed by both trait and breed. Significantly (P ≤ 1 × 10⁻⁸) dimorphic SNPs were detected in just three traits in the AA, seven traits in the CH, and three traits in the LM. The vast majority of all segregating autosomal SNPs (86% in AA to 94% in LM) had the same minor allele in both males and females. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) in allele frequencies between the sexes were observed for between 36% (LM) and 66% (AA) of the total autosomal SNPs that were segregating in both sexes. Dimorphic SNPs were located within a number of genes related to muscularity and/or size including the NAB1, COL5A2, and IWS1 genes on BTA2 that are located close to, and thought to be co-inherited with, the MSTN gene. Overall, sexual dimorphism exists in cattle at the genome level, but it is not consistent by either trait or breed.     

对晋南牛开发等方案的建议

本文对晋南牛开发实施方案、经济杂交方案及基因库工作方案的内容给予了肯定的评价,并对三个方案提出了意见和建议。     

晋南牛七项生理指标测定

为了给畜牧兽医工作者提供晋南牛正常生理指标,给晋南牛制定饲养管理方案和正确进行疾病诊断提供科学的理论依据,选择健康无病、发育正常的２～１２岁晋南牛犍牛、公牛、母牛共计１７９头,测量了其正常的体温、脉搏、呼吸、红血球、白血球数目、血红蛋白含量和血球沉降率第七项正常生理指标。     

兼用短角牛改良秦川牛效果研究--眉县短秦一、二代母牛生长发育及体型变化分析(之二)

对短秦F1、F2和本地母牛初生、6、12、18、24月龄体尺、体重进行测定,并对其生长发育强度进行对比分析.结果表明,在农村粗放饲养条件下,F2牛初生6、12月龄体重比本地牛分别增加4.3、37.2、35.6kg,相应提高16.6%、28.2%、17.9%;F1牛18、24月龄比本地牛分别增加30.9、47.8kg,提高11.0%和15.6%,改良牛纠正了本地牛的尖斜尻缺点,且生长发育快,增重效果明显,体躯有向肉乳兼用型发展趋势,若加强断奶后的培育,效果更好.     

中草药对肉牛育肥效果的研究

本文研究了洒糟和中草药、微量元素添加剂联合使用的增重效果,通过为期９０天的试验研究,对照组、试验Ｉ组、试验Ⅱ组的日增重分别为０．９８ｋｇ、１．１５ｋｇ、１．２５ｋｇ,试验Ｉ组日增重较照组提高１７．３％,试验Ⅱ组日增重较对照组提高２７．６％。结果表明：以酒糟、玉米为主的日粮育肥肉牛配合中草药及微量元素添加剂能显著提高育肥效果。