显像管玻壳铅尘环境化学行为的研究

以显像管玻壳铅尘为对象,通过测定铅在不同深度的土壤中各种形态的含量,系统地研究了玻壳铅尘在土壤中的形态及其在土壤剖面中的迁移转化规律,为农业铅污染的防治提供了理论依据。     

Platforms for collective action in multiple-use common-pool resources

Collective action processes in complex, multiple-use common-pool resources (CPRs) have only recently become a focus of study. When CPRs evolve into more complex systems, resource use by separate user groups becomes increasingly interdependent. This implies, amongst others, that the institutional framework governing resource use has to be re-negotiated to avoid adverse impacts associated with the increased access of any new stakeholders, such as overexploitation, alienation of traditional users, and inter-user conflicts. The establishment of platforms for resource use negotiation is a way of dealing with complex natural resource management problems. Platforms arise when stakeholders perceive the same resource management problem, realize their interdependence in solving it, and come together to agree on action strategies for solving the problem (Röling, 1994). This article sets the scene for a discussion in this Special Issue about the potential of nested platforms for resource use negotiation in facilitating collective action in the management of complex, multiple-use CPRs. The article has five objectives. First, we define collective action in the context of this paper. Second, we discuss the importance of collective action in multiple-use CPRs. Third, we introduce the concept of platforms to coordinate collective action by multiple users. Fourth, we address some issues that emerge from evidence in the field regarding the role and potential of nested platforms for managing complex CPRs. Finally, we raise five discussion statements. These will form the basis for the collection of articles in this special issue.     

施肥对热带雨林下种植砂仁土壤氮矿化和硝化作用的影响

采用封顶埋管法(Close-TopIncubation)研究了施肥后西双版纳热带雨林下种植砂仁土壤的氮素净氨化、净硝化和净矿化速率。结果表明,种植砂仁的热带雨林土壤有机氮的净氨化、硝化和矿化速率明显受外来无机氮的影响,施入铵态氮肥后,土壤中的氨化速率明显提高(P<0.01),由对照土壤的-0.66(mg·kg-1·30d-1)增加至施肥处理土壤的1.65(mg·kg-1·30d-1),但硝化速率和矿化速率却显著降低(P<0.01),分别由对照土壤的6.79(mg·kg-1·30d-1)和6.13(mg·kg-1·30d-1)减少至施肥处理土壤的2.60(mg·kg-1·30d-1)和4.25(mg·kg-1·30d-1),导致了土壤中NH4+-N的积累。     

杭州地区黄瓜猝倒病菌产嗜铁素拮抗菌的筛选与评价

从杭州地区各蔬菜种植地大量采集土样,采用平板稀释法从中分离纯化得到789个细菌分离物。室内平板对峙法获得对黄瓜猝倒病菌有明显拮抗作用的菌株21个,所占比例为2.67%,其抑菌圈直径为3.1￣16.4mm。再利用选择性培养基法从中筛选得到9株嗜铁素产生菌。最后对黄瓜猝倒病菌产嗜铁素拮抗菌进行评价,结果表明,各菌株产生嗜铁素的能力不同,定性与定量分析结果基本吻合;嗜铁素光吸收特性研究表明,pH直接影响嗜铁素光吸收,过酸过碱的条件光吸收峰偏向短波长,而中性条件下光吸收峰偏向长波长。pH8.3有3个吸收峰,分别在224.0nm,264.0nm和400.0nm附近,并且光吸收峰最大,说明pH8.3较适合试验菌产嗜铁素;嗜铁素产生菌对黄瓜生长的初步研究表明,其对黄瓜生长有3种作用即:促进、抑制和影响不大。     

多效唑对杂交水稻的生理作用及增产效果研究

本试验在杂交水稻两段育秧的不同时期用不同浓度多效唑喷施叶片,通过考查秧苗素质和测定生理指标及产量,表明在第一段秧田的1叶1心期和寄秧15天后两次用20OPPM多效唑处理,可培育出多蘖壮秧,秧苗移栽本田后生理代谢增强,叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率提高,后期灌浆速率增大,有效穗增加。信阳地区杂交水稻育秧施用多效唑增产显著。     

对高校内部审计工作的认识

高校内部审计具有外部监督和不可替代的重要作用，所以更需要加强内部审计监督。     

Evaluation on the Joint Action Between Chlorsulfuron and Haloxyfop—R by Bioassay

The joint action between chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop-R was evaluated by bioassay with wheat and corn,respectivly.The dose-response curve derived from wheat bioassay showed that the inhibition of haloxyfop-R to wheat root growth wasn‘s affected by the increasing rate of chlorsulfuron.It indicated that chlorsulfuron had no antagonism to haloxyfop-R.Meanwhile,the variation analysis of corn bioassay indicated that these two herbicides had joint action on inhibition to corn primary root growth.The joint action was evaluated as additive action by using Isobole Method.SO chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop-R could be used as tank mixture.     

实用主义的基本精神与中国传统文化的实用理性

实用主义是第一个在美国土生土长的哲学，最充分地体现了美国人求实、行动、重视效果、开拓进取的民族精神。中国传统文化的实用理性同样具有极端重视现实实用的特点。木文从论述实用主义哲学产生的社会历史条件和理论渊源出发，阐明了实用主义的基木精神，并进而探讨实用主义的基木精神与我国传统文化的实用理性之间的关系。     

甘蔗“NCO310”春植生长过程的模拟和控制

本文综合栽培技术和时间因素,提出了洞庭湖区甘蔗NC0310春植生长过程及促控的数学模型。     

长春地区不同类型土壤的缓冲性及其影响因素

研究了长春地区主要类型土壤的缓冲性及土壤理化性质对土壤缓冲性的影响。结果表明：5类土壤对酸缓冲性弱程度依次为：黑钙土＞草甸土＞黑土＞白浆土＞暗棕壤；对碱的缓冲性强弱顺序是：草甸土＞白浆土＞暗棕壤＞黑土＞黑钙土；土壤碳酸钙含量、交换性盐基总量、土壤质地和有机质含量对土壤缓冲性的强弱均具有不同程度的影响。