鹿、貂、狐、貉养殖业应纳入畜牧业范畴

针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。     

脱毛剂量环磷酰胺对貉皮肤组织及毛被脱换的影响

用脱毛剂量（２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）的环磷酰胺。对春季换毛前的貉（Ｎｙｃｔｅｒｅｕｔｅｓ ｐｒｏｃｙｏｎｏｉｄｅｓ）进行肌注。研究其脱毛机理。在注药后的不同时间,取其背部皮肤样品少许,分别固宇下１０％的福尔马林和２％的戊二醛中。采用常规的石蜡和超薄切片法制片。对其毛皮、毛被及皮脂等影响的组织进行观察。结果表明,注药后第１天毛囊结构已发生变化;第７天针毛囊和毛球角质经;第１５天毛囊结构基本正常。毛囊上升     

宠物犬源沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌耐药性及耐药基因检测

【目的】了解新疆乌鲁木齐市宠物犬源沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因携带情况。【方法从77份宠物犬直肠粪便样品中分离沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌,采用琼脂稀释法对分离的菌株进行药敏试验,通过PCR方法对沙门氏菌6类23种耐药基因和葡萄球菌5类9种耐药基因进行检测。【结果】从77份宠物犬粪便样品中分离到沙门氏菌36株,葡萄球菌75株。除头孢噻呋、安普霉素、阿米卡星、硫酸庆大霉素和多黏菌素外,宠物犬源沙门氏菌对其他被捡抗菌药物的耐药率高达97.0%以上,多重耐药以8耐为主,tetB、blaTEM、blaOXA、qnrS、oqxA、oqxB、aac(6′)-Ib-cr、ant(3″)-Ia和floR基因检出率在97.0%以上。宠物犬源葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星(93.5%)、苯唑西林(90.7%)和氟苯尼考(82.9%)耐药率在80.0%以上,多重耐药集中在4耐、6耐和9耐,主要检出的基因为fexA(40.0%,30/75)和femA(18.7%,14/75),其次为tetM(16.0%,12/75)、ermB(14.7%,11/75)和mecA(1.3%,1/75)。【结论】宠物犬源沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌耐药情况严重,耐药基因携带率高,使宠物犬的细菌性疾病治疗难度加大,应加强耐药菌的监测,降低宠物犬源耐药菌转移给人的潜在风险。     

几种提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸方法的比较(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在探讨提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸的可靠方法。[方法]本实验分别利用改进的有机酚法,chelex-100法,PCR缓冲液法和试剂盒法,从乌苏里貉毛发中提取核酸DNA,对所提核酸进行PCR扩增及电泳分析,并且对四种方法进行比较。[结果]经分光光度计测定和凝胶电泳检测,本实验研究结果表明chelex-100提取的核酸有蛋白质等杂质,PCR缓冲液法提取核酸浓度低有机酚法和试剂盒法提取的DNA浓度高,且没有杂带。[结论]本研究为进一步探索高效,简便的提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸DNA提供了有力的科学理论基础。     

犬巴贝西虫病PCR检测方法的建立

为快速、准确检测犬巴贝西虫病,根据GenBank中收录的犬的巴贝西虫18sRNA基因序列,设计合成1对特异性诊断引物,建立了PCR诊断方法。结果扩增出了犬巴贝西虫18sRNA基因的一段大小为319bp片段,经测序,所扩增序列与报道的序列完全匹配。同时对附红细胞体、巴氏杆菌DNA样品进行扩增没有出现扩增条带。阳性犬全血DNA稀释1 000倍后,依然可以有效地检测出虫体DNA。结果表明,所建立的PCR检测方法,具有极高的敏感性和特异性,可以运用于临床检测巴贝西虫病。     

犬CREBZF启动子对4种氨基酸缺失的应答效应

【目的】研究犬CREBZF启动子对4种氨基酸(谷氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸)缺失的应答效应。【方法】通过PCR和双酶切方法,从犬全血基因组中扩增5′侧翼区1 767bp的DNA片段,对其进行克隆测序分析后,构建全长及系列包含不同长度CREBZF启动子的表达载体,用Quikchange试剂盒构建了CREBZF启动子定点缺失载体,转染MDCK细胞24h后,用双荧光素酶报告系统检测在氨基酸缺失条件下表达载体的双荧光素酶活性。【结果】扩增到了犬CREBZF 5′侧翼区1 767bp的启动子序列,并成功构建了包含不同长度CREBZF启动子的荧光素酶报告基因表达载体pGL3-ZF-A,pGL3-ZF-B,pGL3-ZF-C,pGL3-ZF-D,pGL3-ZF-E,pGL3-ZF-F;其中pGL3-ZF-A(-1 767→+1bp)能够应答4种氨基酸缺失;定点缺失结果显示,当缺失亮氨酸时,-1 227→-1 219bp序列(5′-ATTCACTCA-3′)的缺失可使CREBZF的转录活性完全丧失,该序列与已知的其他氨基酸应答元件(Amino acid re-sponse element,AARE)的同源性达89%。【结论】5′-ATTCACTCA-3′是犬CREBZF启动子中应答氨基酸应激必不可少的调控元件。     

貉群暴发犬瘟热的诊断

为了对2006年7~9月间山东、河北的多个地区貉群发病情况进行诊断,根据临床症状,剖检变化,实验室诊断,确诊为犬瘟热病。     

Calcification of the intervertebral discs and curvature of the radius and ulna: a radiographic survey of Finnish miniature dachshunds

The vertebral column of 124 randomly selected miniature dachshunds, representing 4.5% of the population registered by the Finnish Kennel Club during the years 1988 to 1996, were radiographed. The front legs were also radiographed in order to evaluate the curvature of the radius and ulna. Calcified discs were found in 75.9% of the longhaired miniature dachshunds and in 86.7% of the wirehaired ones. The occurrence of signs associated with IDD was 16.5% in longhaired and 15.6% in wirehaired miniature dachshunds. The occurrence of signs of IDD in dogs with calcified discs was 20.0% and 17.9% in longhaired and wirehaired miniature dachshunds, respectively. In dogs without calcifications only one dog showed signs of IDD. The curvature of the radius and the ulna did not differ between the dogs with signs of IDD and the healthy ones, or between the dogs with and without intervertebral calcifications. Our results indicate that radiographic eradication based on the presence of intervertebral calcifications is not suitable for breeding purposes for the Finnish miniature dachshund population because the percentage of dogs without calcifications is small.     

The Pharmacokinetics of a Long-acting Oxytetracycline Formulation in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs Infected with Ehrlichia canis

The pharmacokinetic properties of oxytetracycline were studied following a single injection of a long-acting formulation (20 mg/kg body weight) into the semimembranosus muscle of healthy dogs and of dogs that had been experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis. The disposition curves of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation before and after infection were best described by a bi-exponential decline after a first-order absorption. The mean maximum serum concentration (C _max) following infection was significantly lower and the time taken to attain this concentration (t _max) was significantly shorter than that in the healthy dogs. The mean apparent elimination half-life (t _1/2) was significantly increased following infection. The corresponding rate constant () was significantly decreased. The absorption half-life (t _1/2ab) was significantly decreased after infection. The volume of distribution at steady state (V _dss) increased significantly following infection. It was concluded that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a long-acting oxytetracycline in dogs after intramuscular administration is characterized by a two-compartment model with a slow elimination phase. This could be due to flip-flop kinetics. The febrile reaction in experimental E. canis infection affected some pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline.     

Overestimation of canine albumin concentration with the bromcresol green method in heparinized plasma samples

Albumin concentrations are routinely measured in dogs with bromcresol green (BCG)-binding assays on automated chemistry analyzers. Several variables affect this assay, including the length of reaction time, sample type, and lack of specificity of BCG for albumin. We observed that albumin concentrations measured with BCG appeared higher in heparinized plasma samples in sick dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of anticoagulant and assay procedure on BCG albumin concentrations in clinically ill dogs. We hypothesized that albumin concentrations would be overestimated in heparinized plasma compared with serum because of the combination of heparin and fibrinogen. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the overestimation would be influenced by assay parameters. Blood was collected from 32 clinically ill dogs into tubes containing heparin, citrate, or no anticoagulant. Citrate was chosen to assess the effect of fibrinogen in the absence of heparin. Albumin concentration was measured in all 3 sample types from each dog using 2 different BCG procedures on an automated chemistry analyzer. The BCG procedures (standard and modified) differed in the wavelengths used for absorbance readings (standard, 600/700; modified, 570/505) and the time point at which absorbance was measured (standard, 100 seconds; modified, 40 seconds). In addition, the modified method incorporated a sample blank. Globulin fractions, fibrinogen concentration, and indices of lipemia, hemolysis, and icterus were evaluated for their contribution to the overestimation of albumin concentration in heparinized plasma compared with serum samples. Albumin concentrations were significantly higher (P 相似文献