绵羊实验性钼中毒研究Ⅷ.免疫指标的改变

成年健康绵羊投服无机钼15mg/(kg·d)即可引起免疫功能的损伤,同时加喂7g硫酸钠则能加剧免疫功能损伤。对钼中毒绵羊血液T、B淋巴细胞百分率及其绝对值和血清α_1、α_2、β、γ球蛋白含量的测定证实,超高水平的钼能导致血液B淋巴细胞百分率及绝对值降低,血清γ球蛋白含量下降;加喂硫酸钠不仅引起血液B淋巴细胞百分率及绝对值、血清γ球蛋白含量减少,而且可导致T淋巴细胞绝对值减少。     

绵羊基因组中内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒相关序列的确定

绵羊都含有与绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus,JSRV)密切相关的15~20拷贝内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(enJSRV)相关序列。宿主可利用内源性病毒来预防致病性反转录病毒的感染,一些内源性病毒可以有效地干扰相关外源性病毒的复制。本试验通过分子生物学手段确定了蒙古绵羊基因组中含有enJSRV6和enJSRV10两个内源性病毒基因而内蒙古白绒山羊中未发现。通过比较内、外源病毒LTR序列的酶切图谱,获得专一作用外源性病毒的核酸内切酶M spⅠ、TfiⅠ、BsaWⅠ,如果将酶切与聚合酶链式反应(PCR)相结合,不需要经过测序就可分辨enJS-RV和外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(exJSRV),形成"酶切-PCR"检测技术,将为绵羊肺腺瘤病的快速诊断提供了新的手段。     

巴音布鲁克羊生长规律的研究

选择0～6月龄的纯种巴音布鲁克羊羔羊和巴音布鲁克羊经济杂交羔羊,在自然放牧状态下,观察羔羊生长规律及经济杂交效果。通过对母羊妊娠后期进行补饲,研究补饲对羔羊产后生长的影响。结果表明,巴音布鲁克羊从出生到6月龄的过程中,2～3月龄增长最快,其次是1～2月龄、0～1月龄;4～5月龄体重下降,5～6月龄又开始增加。妊娠后期母羊补饲对羔羊产后生长没有明显影响,经济杂交羔羊杂交优势明显,公、母羔羊累计生长体重均极显著高于纯种巴音布鲁克羔羊。所以根据羔羊生长规律,加强羔羊生长高峰期营养和管理,是提高巴音布鲁克羊经济效益的重要措施。     

SLC7A11基因与动物色素的形成

黑色素广泛分布于微生物、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的生理功能。SLC7A11基因是新近发现的功能新基因控制脱黑色素合成从而影响到真黑色素与总黑色素的比例,进而改变了动物的毛色和肤色。综述了黑色素的形成过程,并详细分析总结了SLC7A11基因特征及其变异对动物肤色的影响,为研究乌骨绵羊和乌骨鸡乌质性状形成的分子基础提供依据。     

甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊四季采食量及消化率测定

选择15只甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊,采用链烷法测定四季干物质采食量和牧草消化率,其结果为:每只成年母羊春夏秋冬四季干物质采食量分别为0.85,1.36,1.48和0.75kg·d~(-1),成年母羊每kg代谢体重四季采食量分别为61.72,93.86,93.83和47.99g·(w0.75kg)-1。每只甘肃高山细羊春夏秋冬四季代谢能食入量分别为6.11,13.30,13.99和5.08 MJ·d~(-1);粗蛋白质食入量分别为71.49,212.31,188.26和43.83g·d~(-1);钙食入量分别为2.27,8.22,9.61和2.58g·d~(-1);磷食入量分别为0.94,4.98,5.87和1.01g·d~(-1)。甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊春夏秋冬四季牧草干物质消化率分别为44.65%,64.02%,57.73%和45.98%,四季牧草粗蛋白质消化率分别为47.40%,62.69%,59.67%和48.05%。     

Epidemiological Observations in a Corriedale Flock affected by Brucella ovis

Brucellosis in sheep, caused by Brucella ovis, is primarily a chronic infectious disease of rams with epididymitis as its most characteristic lesion. Six hundred rams from an infected farm were clinically and serologically examined once a year, over a 3-year period. An increase from 2.1% to 6.3% in the prevalence of animals serologically positive to B. ovis occurred over the 3 years. However, the prevalence of rams with lesions in the reproductive tract declined from 14.2% to 6.5% in the third year following one year of strict culling of clinically affected and rams that were serologically positive for B. ovis. Clinical lesions found in the 179 affected rams fell into two main categories: rams with epididymitis and rams with affected lymph nodes. These results suggest that the prevalence of the disease relates mainly to the sexual activity of the animal and not to age in itself. A single cull based on the results of clinical examination and serological test results was unable to decrease the prevalence of B. ovis in an extensive Corriedale sheep flock.     

转基因克隆绵羊的亲子鉴定

利用IASG上公布的绵/山羊的11个微卫星标记,鉴定转基因克隆羊与供体细胞系和代孕母羊间的亲子关系。结果表明转基因克隆羊与供体细胞系之间11个微卫星标记的基因型一致,而与代孕母羊基因型差异很大,由此确定转基因克隆羊来源于供体细胞系。     

三种配方日粮饲喂湖羊的育肥效果分析

设计三种能量与蛋白质水平不同的配方日粮饲喂4月龄湖羊羔羊,为期60d。结果发现,三种配方日粮对公羔的日增重有显著影响,但对母羊的日增重无显著影响(P>0.05)。用配方Ⅱ和Ⅲ日粮饲喂的湖羊公羔,日增重极显著高于配方Ⅰ(P<0.01)。三种配方日粮饲喂羔羊,料肉比分别为2.15∶1、1.99∶1和2.09∶1;投入产出比分别为1∶1.54、1∶1.62、1∶1.55。这些结果表明,配方Ⅱ日粮(能量14.18MJ/Kg,粗蛋白16.53%)饲喂育肥湖羊的效果最佳;而配方Ⅰ日粮(能量13.41MJ/Kg,粗蛋白17.89%)和配方Ⅲ日粮(能量14.13MJ/Kg,粗蛋白17.87%)的效果次之。     

Red urine from red deer grazed on pure red clover swards

Twenty-four red deer hinds with their calves were released on to a newly established pure red clover sward and, 2 days later, red staining of the tail, perineum and hocks was observed. This was presumed to be of urinary origin. Observation of micturition showed that when urine was passed, it was a normal straw colour but it turned scarlet-red about 1 hour after exposure to air. Midstream urine remained the normal colour when held under a pure nitrogen atmosphere immediately after micturition, but it turned red when held in air in the dark, suggesting that the colour change was due to an oxidative rather than a photosensitive reaction. All deer grazing red clover were affected but this did not occur in deer grazing ryegrass/white clover swards. No adverse effects were observed in the deer grazing the red clover, and calf growth was significantly higher than on ryegrass/white clover, suggesting that the red urine had no effect on health or productivity.

Blood and urine analyses showed no signs of haemolysis, haematuria or haemoglobinuria. Preliminary chemical analyses suggest that the compounds involved are not those found in the urine of sheep grazing oestrogenic clover. The nature of the compounds have yet to be determined.     

瘤胃乙酸、丙酸比例对绵羊体内氧化代谢和血浆胰岛素水平动态变化的影响

本研究以全胃营养灌注绵羊为试验动物 ,用物质代谢区室分析方法和同位素示踪技术研究了瘤胃乙酸、丙酸比例对体内氧化代谢和血浆胰岛素水平动态变化的影响。不同试验处理间营养灌注液能量、蛋白质水平相同 ,而瘤胃灌注混合挥发性脂肪酸的乙酸、丙酸比例不同。三种混合挥发性脂肪酸的乙酸、丙酸比例分别为75 :15(VFA1)、65 :25(VFA2)、45 :45(VFA3)。由测定引入 14C -乙酸后血液二氧化碳放射比强度—时间曲线上升段斜率(k值)反映体内氧化代谢强度。试验结果为 ,瘤胃灌注VFA1 时的k值显著高于灌注VFA2 和VFA3 时的k值(P<0.05) ,而VFA2 和VFA3 两处理间的差异不显著(P>0.05) ,说明瘤胃灌注VFA1 时绵羊体内氧化代谢强度增加。向停止灌注24小时的绵羊瘤胃内灌注VFA1,血浆胰岛素水平在恢复灌注后缓慢上升。将瘤胃灌注混合挥发性脂肪酸由VFA1 换为VFA2 后 ,血浆胰岛素水平迅速上升 ,之后迅速下降 ,而由VFA2 换为VFA3 后未出现血浆胰岛素水平的明显变化 ,说明血浆胰岛素水平的变化与体内糖代谢调节状态有关 ,而瘤胃灌注VFA1 时的体内糖代谢调节状态与灌注VFA2 和VFA3 时明显不同。