三甲氧苄胺嘧啶(TMP)在马体内代谢动力学

本文简要描述了三甲氧苄胺嘧啶(TMP)在成年健康重挽马体内的动力学过程。用灵敏的高效液相色谱仪测定了不同时间血药浓度。按二室模型的数学式算出单剂量给药的主要动力学参数如下:t1/2β为4.20±1.08(hr),A∪C为41.67±10.40(μg·hr/ml),Vc为0.82±0.05(L/kg),Vd为2.24±0.60(L/kg),ClB为0.38±0.07(ml/kg·hr)及Tcp(ther)为11.46±2.50(hr)。按单剂量给药有关参数算出多剂量给药参数如下:τ(给药间隔时间)为8hr,R(积累系数)为1.31,平均、最高与最低稳态浓度分别为5.21(μg/ml),13.59(μg/ml)与2.57(μg/ml),D_0~*(首次剂量)为19.65(mg/kg)。     

秦陵铜车马木车马构件的标准化初考

介绍了对秦陵铜车马木车马构件的考证结果，在此基础上探讨了秦代产品的标准化、产品规格的系列化，以及在设计、工艺、管理等方面的标准化问题．首次提出了秦代应用优先数系的论点。     

Morphometric analysis of the intercarpal ligaments of the equine proximal carpal bones during simulated flexion and extension of cadaver limbs

Despite many reported cases of carpal lameness associated with intercarpal ligament injuries in horses, the morphometry, movement pattern and general intrinsic biomechanics of the carpus are largely unknown. Using osteoligamentous preparation of the carpus prepared from 14 equine cadaver forelimbs (aged 9.62 ± 4.25 years), locomotory simulations of flexion and extension movements of the carpal joint were carried out to observed carpal biomechanics and, thereafter, the limbs were further dissected to obtain morphometric measurements of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MLC and LCL); medial and lateral palmar intercarpal ligaments (MPICL and LPICL); intercarpal ligaments between radial (Cr) and intermediate (Ci) carpal bones (Cr-Ci ICL); and intercarpal ligaments between Ci and ulnar (Cu) carpal bones (Ci-Cu ICL). The Cr, Ci, Cu and Ca are held together by a series of intercarpal ligaments and move in unison lateropalmarly during flexion, and mediodorsally during extension with a distinguishable proximo-distal sliding movement (gliding) of Cr and Ci against each other during movement. The mean length of MCL (108.82 ± 9.64 mm) was significantly longer (p = 0.042) than LCL (104.43 ± 7.65 mm). The Cr-Ci ICL has a dorsopalmar depth of 37.58 ± 4.14 mm and a midpoint width of 12.05 ± 3.09 mm and its fibres ran diagonally from the medial side of the Ci in a proximo-palmar disto-dorsal direction (i.e. palmarodistally) to the lateral side of the Cr. The specialized movement of the Cr-Ci ICL, which appeared to be further facilitated by a longer MCL suggest a biomechanical function by which carpal damage may be minimized in the equine carpus.     

秦始皇陵铜车马标准化概述

通过对秦陵出土的铜车、铜马、铜俑等大量文物的测量与考证，论述了秦代制造工艺的标准化发展水平．     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a population of horses in Australia

Objective To evaluate if methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is present in the horse population in Australia. Design A two‐part retrospective study of laboratory submissions of microbial culture results from horses. Methods Part A: medical records of 216 horses that had MRSA screening performed on nasal swabs collected over a 30‐day period at admission to the Scone Equine Hospital Clovelly Intensive Care Unit were retrieved. Part B: laboratory records from 2004 to 2009 of culture submissions to the Scone Veterinary Laboratory were reviewed and cultures that grew MRSA were identified. The MRSA isolates from Parts A and B were genotyped over an 18‐month period. Results MRSA screening of 216 horses identified eight (3.7%) positive samples. MRSA was isolated from cultures of 80 (0.002%) clinical bacteriology samples over a 6‐year period. Genotypic analysis was performed on 36 isolates. All MRSA characterised had the same pulse field gel electrophoresis pattern (type 1), with eight closely related subtypes identified (subtypes A–F and H) and 66% of isolates classified as subtype D, which multilocus sequence and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing analysis identified as ST612‐MRSA‐IVa, a clonal complex (CC) 8 S. aureus strain. Antimicrobial resistance to more than two classes of antimicrobials was common. Conclusions MRSA was present in a population of horses in Australia. Genotypic analysis of the isolates identified the MRSA strain as CC8 S. aureus. Further research needs to be undertaken to evaluate MRSA infection and colonisation of horses and personnel in Australia.     

Post-partum ovarian activity in Finnhorse mares with special reference to seasonal effects.

In a previous study, times from parturition to the first ovulation were followed in 55 Finnhorse mares on the basis of milk progesterone determinations. Ninety-six per cent of mares had ovulated by day 20 post-partum. If intervals of more than 19 days are excluded from the data, the time from parturition to 1st ovulation was 117 days. However, in cases of foaling before and after the beginning of June the times were 13.0 days and 8.8 days, respectively (p less than 0.001). Long intervals (over 16 days) occurred mainly before 1st May (in 6 out of 7 cases). In a 2nd study, 25 post-partum Finnhorse mares were examined by rectal palpation and ultrasonic scanning. Five and 7 days post partum, but not 2 days post partum there was a statistically significant difference between ovulatory ovaries and non-ovulatory ovaries regarding size of whole ovary and the largest follicle. Six to 8 days before the first post-partum ovulation, the size of the preovulatory follicle was greater in mares which had foaled before the middle of May (32 mm) than in those which had foaled after the middle of May (20 mm) (p less than 0.05). Within 2 days before ovulation there was no statistical difference between the sizes (43 mm and 42 mm, respectively). The growth rate was therefore slower in cases of early foaling (1.8 mm/day) than in cases of late foaling (3.7 mm/day).     

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of an evening primrose and fish oil combination vs. hydrogenated coconut oil in the management of recurrent seasonal pruritus in horses

Clinical status and plasma phospholipid fatty acids of 33 horses with seasonal pruritus were investigated following fatty acid supplementation. Principal areas affected by pruritus were mane, tail, head and rump. There were no significant differences in clinical status between horses receiving test and placebo capsules. Horses receiving the test preparation showed significant reduction (weeks 0–12) in linoleic acid ( P  < 0.05) and significant increases (weeks 0–24) in dihomogammalinolenic acid and alpha linolenic acid ( P  < 0.05). Placebo-treated horses showed significant reductions (weeks 0–12) in linoleic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, arachidonic acid ( P  < 0.01), eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ( P  < 0.05) and a significant increase (weeks 0–24) in dihomogammalinolenic acid ( P  < 0.05). Significant differences in the change in plasma phospholipid concentration between test and placebo groups were seen for dihomogammalinolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ( P  < 0.01) between weeks 0 and 12 and for alpha linolenic acid ( P  < 0.05) between weeks 0 and 24.