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21.
本文研究了羊栖菜的有性生殖和营养繁殖。前者包括生殖托的发生、精卵的排放及合子的发育与环境因子的关系。后者主要为定株观察假根再生芽的发生。本研究为羊栖菜的人工育苗和资源保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
22.
为了研究蓝点马鲛()生活史特征的异质性,根据2018年10月至2019年3月在东海外海渔场的拖网调查采样数据,对其叉长和体重关系的月间及性别差异进行了研究。依据收集的367尾蓝点马鲛样本,求得其叉长和体重关系(b的估计均值为2.794。本研究构建了广义线性模型和9个线性混合模型,用于研究蓝点马鲛的叉长和体重关系()在时间及性别上的差异。贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)值和均方根误差值均表明,最复杂的线性混合模型(即月份和性别对两个参数P<0.01)。在最优模型中,a值则与此相反。本研究表明,月份和性别对蓝点马鲛叉长和体重关系具有显著的影响,线性混合模型能把月份和性别的异质性通过随机效应在单个模型中更准确、快速地体现,从而进一步证实了此模型在数据来源异质性研究中的优势。 相似文献
23.
Martin Hulak Martin Psenicka David Gela Marek Rodina & Otomar Linhart 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(2):233-239
Exogenous steroids alter sex differentiation in fish substantially. In the present study we have evaluated the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and oestrogen receptor antagonist Tamoxifen (TA) on gonadal development and skewness of the sex ratio in all-female tench juveniles. In the first two experiments, sexually undifferentiated juveniles were orally treated with three doses of MT and TA (50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 ). Both the treatments resulted in a moderate dose-dependent masculinization, with neomale production ranging from 17% (50 mg kg−1 ) to 26% (150 mg kg−1 ) for the MT only treatment, and from 0% (50 mg kg−1 ) to 27% (100 mg kg−1 ) only for the TA treatment respectively. In the third experiment treatment of sexually differentiated tench females with single steroid treatments or combinations of the two resulted in populations composed of females and intersex individuals. The significantly highest occurrence of intersex individuals (45.5%) was found in the group subjected to combine treatment of MT+TA (150+200 mg kg−1 ). No masculinization effect of the single or the combined treatment occurred. It can be concluded that oral treatment with MT or TA only slightly modifies the normal process of sex differentiation in gynogenetic tench juvenile, but treatment with the above-mentioned combinations has a highly significant potential to skew the sex ratio in sexually differentiated tench females. However, from an applied point of view, the treatment procedure will need optimization before use at a commercial level. 相似文献
24.
魁蚶亲贝控温促熟试验 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
首次研究了魁蚶亲贝性腺室内控温促熟技术,3月中旬亲入池,人工控温,强化饲育25-28天,4月中下旬性腺成熟,排放精卵,比自然界提前3个月左右,水温16℃以上是魁蚶亲贝性腺成熟的迅速期。1991年11月专家鉴定认为,本研究属国内首次,居国内先进水平。 相似文献
25.
中华绒螯蟹一龄性早熟和二龄成熟家系子一代成蟹阶段生长发育育性能的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)存在一龄性早熟和二龄正常成熟两种现象,为了解其后代养殖性能是否存在差异,本研究利用构建的一龄早熟家系和二龄正常成熟家系,评估了其子一代在成蟹养殖阶段的生长、存活率、产量、生殖蜕壳和性腺发育,结果显示:(1)正常家系的子一代在8月和10月的平均体重(70.45±18.62)g,(95.87±34.44)g高于早熟家系的平均体重(58.93±16.33)g,(95.56±25.26)g,甲壳长和甲壳宽在7、8和10月份,正常家系显著高于早熟家系,4-10月二龄正常成熟家系的特定增重率(SGR,(1.48±0.45)%/d)低于一龄早熟((1.65±0.12))%/d;(2)一龄性早熟家系完成生殖蜕壳的时间早于二龄正常家系,一龄性早熟家系在8月份的生殖蜕壳率为85%,高于正常家系(75%),但两者的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著差异;(3)就最终养殖效果而言,尽管正常成熟家系子代的存活率和平均产量比早熟家系分别高出14%和17%,但两种家系间无显著差异。结果表明,河蟹二龄成熟家系子代在成蟹阶段的生长性能优于一龄早熟家系子代。 相似文献
26.
Observations on growth, sexual maturity and spawning performance of pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This 12‐month preliminary study investigated the development of sexual characters, primary sexual maturity, ovarian maturity and spawning performance of pond‐reared Penaeus merguiensis in relation to culture conditions in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Post‐larvae of P. merguiensis were produced and cultured in two 60‐m3 tanks during the first 14 weeks. Before winter, they were harvested and stocked in three different overwintering facilities: a 200‐m2 covered pond, two 60‐m3 outdoor tanks and a 15‐m3 indoor, recirculated tank at a stocking density of 10 individuals m?2. The development of sexual characters was found to be similar to that reported previously in wild P. merguiensis. Males matured at younger ages and smaller sizes than females. Overall, the average size at primary sexual maturity of pond‐reared P. merguiensis was 23.1 mm carapace length for males (possessed spermatophores) and 29.3 mm for females (being impregnated). Water temperature and the availability of natural food strongly influenced prawn growth, maturity rate and their subsequent spawning performance. Growth, maturity rate and spawning performance of prawns in the covered pond were significantly higher than in the other overwintering facilities. Prawns started mating at 6–7 months, reached full ovarian maturation and spawned as early as about 8 (peaked at 9–11) months from hatching, producing high fecundity and viable larvae. There was a strong relationship (P < 0.001) between prawn size and fecundity. The results of this study suggest a potential for using pond‐reared broodstock P. merguiensis for hatchery production and for domestication or selective breeding programmes. 相似文献
27.
28.
AFLP profiles were generated from poplar leaf rust ( Melampsora larici-populina ) collected from Populus trichocarpa cv. Trichobel at six sites in the UK in 2001. Of a total of 145 isolates, 121 were unique AFLP phenotypes. On one occasion, the same AFLP phenotype was found at two sites. The analysis indicated that 81·88% of the total variation was attributable to differences among individuals within replicate plots, 3·47% to differences among plots within sites and 14·65% to differences among sites. Weir & Cockerham's θ was calculated as 0·138 and θ B , the Bayesian analogue of F ST , as 0·146. Overall, there was sufficient gene flow among different sites to prevent genetic drift, as Nm was calculated as 1·562 using θ and as 1·462 using θ B . Nei's genetic distance and population-assignment test indicated that the rust from a site in north-east England was differentiated from those from other sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The results indicate that sexual reproduction has a major influence on the relative lack of population structure of M. larici-populina in the UK. 相似文献
29.
Abstract – In most species, males have a higher reproductive potential than females, leading to skewed reproductive success, particularly in mating systems where pre‐ or postcopulatory sexual selection reinforces inequality in male mating success. We investigated multiple paternity, reproductive skew and correlates of male reproductive success in a wild population of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). We used nine microsatellite loci to assess the frequency of multiple paternity, number of sires per brood and reproductive skew. Across broods, the frequency of multiple paternity was high with 94% of broods having multiple sires (range: 1–5), resulting in a reproductive skew of 0.14. Variation in male reproductive success was high (range: 0–14 offspring per male), suggesting that there is considerable opportunity for sexual selection. Next, we examined correlations between male reproductive success and sexual coloration, sperm velocity and gonopodium length. Relative area of orange, black, iridescent and total coloration, and sperm velocity were not correlated with reproductive success. However, gonopodium length explained 14% of the variation in reproductive success, suggesting that gonopodium length is likely a sexually selected trait. We discuss these findings in the light of other studies that genetically dissect joint‐sex parentage and examine correlates of male reproductive success in wild populations. 相似文献
30.