辣椒提取物对母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标和初乳成分的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮添加辣椒提取物对母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标和初乳成分的影响,以确定母猪饲粮中辣椒提取物的适宜添加剂量并阐明其作用效果.选择配种时间和体况相近的妊娠85 d"大白"母猪27头,随机分为3组,每组9个重复,每个重复1头母猪.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.5％...     

达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼生殖洄游过程中能量代谢和消化酶活性的变化

为了解达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii Cyprinidae)生殖洄游过程中能量代谢和消化酶活性的变化,本研究对比了捕于达里湖和贡格尔河的瓦氏雅罗鱼血清生化参数、肝脏和肌肉组织中糖原含量、肝脏组织中转氨酶和己糖激酶活性以及肝脏和肠道组织中消化酶活性的差异;并利用实验生态学方法,研究达里湖中瓦氏雅罗鱼转入贡格尔河河水中 24 h 后其血清生化参数的响应。研究结果显示,与达里湖中瓦氏雅罗鱼相比,洄游到贡格尔河中后雅罗鱼血清葡萄糖含量显著降低(P<0.05),胆固醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),总蛋白和甘油三酯含量无显著变化;肝糖原含量极显著升高(P<0.01),肌糖原含量无显著变化;肝脏组织中谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶和己糖激酶活性无显著差异;肝脏和肠道组织中纤维素酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均显著升高(P<0.05)。将达里湖中瓦氏雅罗鱼转入河水中 24 h 后,其血清葡萄糖和总蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05),而甘油三酯和胆固醇含量未见明显变化。本研究结果表明,达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼洄游过程中以肝糖原的形式为其生殖活动储备能量;肝脏和肠道组织中消化酶活性的升高可提高鱼体对营养物质的消化吸收能力。     

Effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth,blood biochemistry,antioxidant, immune and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged Channa argus

The present study investigated the effects of dietary astaxanthin on the growth, blood biochemical, antioxidant, immune and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged Channa argus. A total of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of astaxanthin were added to the basal die for 56 days. After the feeding experiment, each group was subjected to a lipopolysaccharide challenge (except for the Control group). The results showed that adding astaxanthin to the diet can significantly increase the weight gain and specific growth rate and decrease the feed conversion ratio of C. argus; the highest weight gain, specific growth rate and minimum feed conversion ratio occurred in the 100 mg/kg group. Furthermore, dietary astaxanthin supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharides by increasing the levels of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, complement 3, complement 4, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and decrease the serum cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation also can decrease the relative expression of inflammatory genes (nuclear factor κB, interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8 and tumour necrosis factor‐α) in the liver, spleen, kidney and intestine. To summarise, dietary astaxanthin addition can improve the growth performance and attenuate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharide challenge in C. argus. The optimal amount of astaxanthin is 100 mg/kg.     

Indexing serum biochemical attributes of Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, 1775) to instrument in health assessment

The present study was aimed to establish reference data for nine serum biochemical attributes (glucose, protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [SGOT] and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) of a supreme aquaculture candidate, namely Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Further, the influence of ecotype (cage–wild), condition index and gender on biochemical attributes was evaluated. The results have shown that gender and condition index had no significant effect in the studied age group, whereas ecotype had a significant role, except on serum glucose levels, suggesting the prime importance of estimating ecotype‐specific reference intervals for interpreting fish health. Intra‐ecotype variability of serum biochemical attributes, namely serum protein, globulin, cholesterol and triglycerides, was less, suggesting the possibility of using these parameters as health indices within a specific ecotype. Consistency in terms of the least intra‐ecotype variability coupled with PCA results points serum protein as the best ecotype‐specific health index among the different parameters studied. Altogether, the results of the present study provide thought‐provoking insights on serum biochemistry of L. argentimaculatus as a platform for the health management of this supreme aquaculture candidate.     

Partial or total replacement of fish meal in the diets of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercial enzyme‐treated soy (ESBM) to replace the use of fish meal (FM) in practical diets for Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus. The reference diet which has been run in numerous trials for Florida pompano was formulated using 150, 466 and 80 g/kg of FM, soybean meal and corn protein concentrate respectively. In trial 1, test diets were produced by replacing FM with 30.8, 61.4 and 92.1 g/kg of ESBM. In trial 2, test diets were produced by replacing FM with 28.9, 89.8, 120.1 g/kg of ESBM. Triplicate group of fish in trial 1 (mean weight = 13.05 ± 0.34 g) and trial 2 (mean weight = 18.45 ± 0.49 g) was fed these diets to apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Growth performance was affected as the dietary FM was replaced with ESBM. In trial 1, final weight (FW), percentage weight gain and thermal growth coefficient were lower in 6 g/kg of FM compared to 15 g/kg, while feed conversion ratio significantly higher in fish fed the lowest inclusion level of FM (6 g/kg). In trial 2, FW was significantly lower when FM completely replaced by ESBM and no significant differences in other growth parameters. In all trials, no significant differences were observed in terms of crude protein, moisture, fat, crude fibre, dry matter and ash content of the fish. No significant differences in serum levels of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, glucose and bile acids were observed in either trial. However, in trial 1, serum cholesterol level was higher in fish fed 150 g/kg FM compared to other dietary treatments. The histomorphological structure of liver and distal intestine was slightly affected by lower inclusion level of FM. Overall, there was a decreasing trend in pompano growth performance as the inclusion of FM decreased. All parameters indicated that ESBM could be used to reduce the inclusion of FM from 150 to 90 g/kg.     

某屠宰场杂交育肥猪胰脏功能研究初探

对某屠宰场150头杂交育肥猪的血液、尿液中的肌酐含量和淀粉酶活性进行了测定。结果表明,所测杂交育肥猪的血清中肌酐含量为110.50μmol/L±20.54μmol/L,淀粉酶活性为258.67 U/L±61.81 U/L;尿液中肌酐的含量为3 094.36μmol/L±397.57μmol/L,淀粉酶活性为196.82 U/L±16.83 U/L;淀粉酶和肌酐比值(CAMS/CCR)为2.72%±1.41%。     

规模化牛场奶牛衣原体和布鲁菌病相关抗体的检测分析

为检测并分析银川地区规模化牛场牛衣原体和布鲁菌病的相关抗体,采用鹦鹉热衣原体McAb-ELISA方法和布鲁菌虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)方法进行特异性检测,应用McAb-ELISA方法与传统的IHA试验方法分别对同样50份待检牛血清进行衣原体抗体的比较检测。结果表明,银川地区的16个牛场1 161份牛血清衣原体总的阳性率为9.22%。布鲁菌的血清阳性率为13.26%。对50份牛血清采用2种试验方法同时进行衣原体抗体检测,ELISA阳性检出率为32%,IHA为24%。McAb-ELISA比IHA的特异性强。     

森林健康评价指标及应用研究

对森林健康进行评价,指标体系的建立是首要和关键的步骤,指标体系建立的好坏直接关系到评价的科学性和准确程度。本文通过对森林的活力、组织结构、适应性和社会价值四个指标的测定,构建了一套评价森林健康的指标体系和评价方法,并在北京市八达岭林场示范点进行了实例研究,结果表明:该指标体系及评价方法能够比较客观地反应森林的健康状况,具有一定的科学性、客观性和可操作性;对北京地区森林健康状况的评价具有一定的参考价值。     

中国海水养殖业绿色发展评价研究

海水养殖业绿色发展评价是判断产业发展质量的重要依据,同时也是识别产业转型升级的标尺.在借鉴农业绿色发展评价的基础上,构建了4个二级指标和14个三级指标的海水养殖业绿色发展评价指标体系,并对2019年10个省区海水养殖业发展情况进行了应用性评价.结果显示:各省区海水养殖业绿色发展水平偏低,中位数为0.356 7,其中山东...     

阴离子盐及日粮钙水平对围产期奶牛血清钙平衡及生产性能的影响

选取12头2胎以上围产期奶牛,采用配对试验设计分成4组,从产前3周开始随机饲喂4种实验日粮:Ⅰ(阴离子盐+高钙);Ⅱ(阴离子盐+低钙);Ⅲ(不添加阴离子盐+高钙);Ⅳ(不添加阴离子盐+低钙)。其中添加阴离子盐日粮的DCAD值为-6.5mEq/100gDM。不添加的阴离子盐日粮的DCAD值为+17mEq/100gDM。研究阴离子盐及日粮钙水平对奶牛血清离子平衡及生产性能的影响。结果表明:各试验组奶牛的DMI有不同程度下降(P>0.05)。添加阴离子盐日粮组的尿液pH值在5.5～6.5之间,尿液显著低于不添加阴离子盐组(P<0.05)。产犊当天至产后7d,阴离子盐对围产期奶牛血清Ca浓度有极显著的影响(P<0.01),阴离子盐组血清Ca浓度极显著高于不添加组(P<0.01)。在添加阴离子盐的基础上,高钙组有提高奶牛血钙浓度的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。阴离子与钙的互作对血钙浓度的影响不大(P>0.05)。阴离子盐对产后疾病均有一定的缓解作用,但对奶牛产奶量影响不大(P>0.05)。