动态细分饲粮营养供给对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、氮与磷代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在根据肉鸡生长曲线及动态营养需要,研究动态细分饲粮营养供给对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、氮、磷代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡240只(公母各占1/2),随机分为3个组,分别为A组:每3.5 d 1个营养标准(1~7日龄1个营养标准);B组:每7 d 1个营养标准;C组:每14 d 1个营养标准。每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)C组肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于A、B组(P0.05),料重比(F/G)显著低于A组(P0.05)。A、B组肉鸡生产性能指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。不同动态细分饲粮营养供给方式对肉鸡肉品质的影响无显著差异(P0.05)。2)不同动态细分饲粮营养供给方式对肉鸡氮、磷代谢率的影响无显著差异(P0.05)。3)肉鸡28日龄时,C组肉鸡血清尿素氮(UREA)含量显著高于A组(P0.05);42日龄时,C组肉鸡血清UREA含量显著高于A、B组(P0.05),但A、B组肉鸡血清UREA含量差异不显著(P0.05)。4)不同动态细分饲粮营养供给方式对肉鸡血清皮质酮(CORT)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,每14 d 1个营养标准可使肉鸡的生产性能达到最佳,从实际操作的复杂性考虑,每7 d 1个营养标准可更好地满足饲粮的氨基酸平衡。     

饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对亚东鲑亲鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对亚东鲑亲鱼生长性能、性腺指数、消化酶活性和血清指标的影响。试验采用5×2两因素随机设计,设5个蛋白质水平(36%、39%、42%、45%、48%)和2个脂肪水平(9%、18%),共配制10种实用试验饲料。每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复19尾鱼。初重为(462.53±45.40)g亚东鲑在室内水族箱中流水饲养,饲养周期为77 d。结果表明:同一脂肪水平下,随饲料蛋白质水平的升高,增重率有所升高,而饲料系数逐渐降低,至蛋白质水平为48%时又有所升高。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对雌性亲鱼性腺指数无显著影响(P0.05),雄性亲鱼性腺指数随蛋白质水平的升高而降低,但至蛋白质水平为48%时又有所回升。同一脂肪水平下,随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,胃、肠道和幽门盲囊的脂肪酶活性逐渐增加,蛋白质水平为48%时显著高于蛋白质水平为36%时(P0.05);而胃、肠道和幽门盲囊的蛋白酶活性虽有所增加,但各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。同一蛋白质水平下,18%脂肪水平组胃、肠道和幽门盲囊的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性均略高于9%脂肪水平组。同一脂肪水平下,血清氨含量随饲料蛋白质水平的升高而逐渐增加。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对血清超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性以及葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白和丙二醛含量均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。由此得出,亚东鲑亲鱼对饲料蛋白质(36%~48%)和脂肪(9%~18%)水平有一定的适应性反应;以增重率为指标进行折线模型分析,得出饲料脂肪水平为9%和18%时,亚东鲑亲鱼对蛋白质需要量分别为43.11%和45.69%。     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

Serum amyloid A (SAA) mRNA expression in chicken and quails in response to bacterial stress

Monitoring of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A at gene expression level may provide quick information about immune status of the host and its susceptibility towards common infections. Present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the mRNA expression of SAA gene in Rhode Island Red chicken (RIR) and Japanese quails using real time PCR analysis in response to inactivated Salmonella gallinarum culture. The results showed that expression of SAA gene was approximately 17–33 folds higher in case of birds administered with bacterial culture when compared to un-inoculated controls and expression was higher and quicker in case of quails than RIR chicken. The SAA genes from chicken and quail were cloned and upon sequence analysis it was observed that deduced amino acid sequence of SAA from chicken and quails were having approximately seven percent variation which might have significance in function of this protein in these species.     

Early resynchronization protocols for goats: Progestogens can be used prior to an early pregnancy diagnosis without affecting corpus luteum functionality

This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (G_NPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; G_NPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; G_PSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; G_PNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (G_NPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. G_NPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or G_PSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. G_PNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.     

固态发酵醋糟饲料对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究固态发酵醋糟饲料(SFVD)对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。选择体况相近[(59.04±0.33)kg]的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长育肥猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%的SFVD。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪平均日采食量(ADFI)具有一定的促进趋势(P=0.056);显著降低了育肥猪饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.05),对粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率有一定的促进趋势(P=0.052);显著提高了育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.055和P=0.077);显著提高了育肥猪粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.05),粪便中甲酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.071和P=0.054)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪生长性能、肠道健康及免疫性能的提高具有潜在的促进作用。     

复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生理效应的影响研究

为研究复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标的影响,试验选取体重相近、体况健康的15日龄成都麻鸭240只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只。4组为对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验1、2、3组在基础饲粮中按照质量比分别添加0.5%(低剂量组)、1%(中剂量组)、2%(高剂量组)的复方中草药,试验期90 d。结果显示:(1)试验1、2、3组的平均日增重分别较对照组提高2.19%、4.34%、4.98%(P<0.05);试验2、3组的料重比分别较对照组降低3.37%、3.63%(P<0.05);(2)试验2组和3组的总蛋白(TP)分别较对照组提高4.20%、6.08%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的尿素氮(BUN)分别较对照组降低12.72%、16.36%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的谷草转氨酶(ALT)分别较对照组降低15.84%、19.22%(P<0.05);试验3组的谷丙转氨酶(AST)较对照组降低19.34%(P<0.05);(3)试验2组和3组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别较对照组提高15.80%、20.00%(P<0.05);试验3组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)较对照组提高22.37%(P<0.05);(4)三个试验组的IgA、IgM、IgG、IFN-γ、IL-2显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)较对照组提高10.06%(P<0.05),试验2组和3的组溶菌酶(LZM)分别较对照组提高6.79%、5.66%(P<0.05)。综上,中草药添加剂能有效提高稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭的生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标,本试验条件下,最佳饲喂剂量为1%。     

E．stiedai感染兔免疫器官内球虫抗原的免疫组化定位

用免疫组化SABC法，对斯氏艾关耳球虫感染后兔肝脏、脾脏和肝门淋巴结中球虫抗原的分布进行了观察。结果表明，在肝脏窦状隙、胆管上皮细胞、肝门淋巴结和脾脏内可见到明显的呈棕黄色阳性反应区，表明在这些区域和部位有相应的E．stiedai孢子囊、裂殖子或子孢子抗原存在，且抗原数量以肝脏内最多，其次为脾脏，最少者为肝门淋巴结；显微镜下还可见到大量坏死的肝细胞、淋巴细胞以及朗罕氏巨细胞，说明多核巨细胞也参与了对球虫的吞噬和处理过程。     

膜联蛋白B1在猪囊尾蚴免疫逃避作用的研究进展

膜联蛋白是一类有效的内源性调节蛋白,在Ca²⁺存在的条件下与膜磷脂结合,参与细胞活动的多种功能,其与肿瘤发生、自身免疫性疾病、病毒和寄生虫感染等密切相关。作为膜联蛋白家族成员Annexin B1具有独特的氨基酸残基结构,与不同种属的寄生虫入侵特异性宿主密切相关。本文主要阐述了膜联蛋白的种类及膜联蛋白B1在猪囊尾蚴感染宿主机体过程中免疫逃避的作用,旨在探索其猪囊尾蚴感染的免疫逃避机制。深入对膜联蛋白B1和囊尾蚴之间相互关系的进一步了解,以及膜联蛋白B1在寄生虫免疫中更深入的研究,对寄生虫免疫逃避的生物学意义和寄生虫病诊断治疗提供了相关的策略。