芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

为研究芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖对内仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响，600只粤黄鸡随机分为5组．每组设6个重复．雌雄各半。分别施以5种不同日粮：①基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．1％；②基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．05％；③基础日粮添加芦荟多糖0．1％；④基础日粮添加芦荟凝胶干粉0.1％；⑤对照组（基础日粮），试验期为56d。结果表明．肉仔鸡饲粮中添加芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖。能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度．提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度（P〈0．05）；回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大（P〈0．05）；免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加．新城疫抗体效价显著提高（P〈0．05）；添加芦荟多糖提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比．但试验组与对照组之间的差异不显著。     

鸡传染性贫血免疫对肝微粒体抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的是观察鸡传染性贫血多次免疫对肝微粒体中抗氧化酶活性的影响.对20只SPF鸡随机分为2组,每组10只,免疫组鸡用鸡传染性贫血弱毒苗免疫4次,每次间隔2周,对照组鸡注射同剂量的生理盐水.最后一次免疫后10d取肝脏制备微粒体,利用测试盒测定肝微粒体中的GSH-Px活性、SOD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量.结果与对照组相比,免疫组肝微粒体中GSH Px活性、SOD活性和CAT活性都显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著减低(P＜0.05).结论为鸡传染性贫血多次免疫可提高鸡体抗氧化能力.     

黔东南小香鸡的品种遗传资源特点及开发利用

目的探究日粮添加谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)对黔东南小香鸡免疫器官指数及肠道免疫的影响。方法选取90羽体质量相近、健康状况良好的1日龄黔东南小香鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮中分别添加0.5% 和1.0%的Gln。饲养至42 d,每组随机选取10羽屠宰,采集血清,分离免疫器官,刮取空肠肠黏膜,用于后续测定。结果与对照组相比,0.5% Gln组黔东南小香鸡脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),1.0% Gln组的法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量及空肠黏膜sIgA分泌均显著升高(P<0.05),并且空肠黏膜的MUC1和MUC2 mRNA的相对表达量也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论黔东南小香鸡日粮添加1.0% Gln可促进免疫器官发育,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

pH对洛美沙星与BSA之间结合常数的影响

[目的]研究洛美沙星与血清白蛋白之间的作用,了解药物分子在体内的运输和分布情况。[方法]采用毛细管区带电泳法,通过测定在不同pH值、不同牛血清白蛋白浓度的缓冲溶液条件下药物迁移时间的变化,计算出洛美沙星与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的结合常数（Kb）。[结果]pH分别为6.8,7.4和8.0时,洛美沙星与BSA之间的Kb分别为10.185×1045、.319×1045、.356×104 L/mol。[结论]环境pH对洛美沙星与BSA之间的相互作用有强烈影响,当pH处在6.8～7.4之间时,Kb对pH尤为敏感。     

Egg production,fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some chicken strains under high ambient temperatures

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24-34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.     

羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染小鼠脾脏转录组分析

试验旨在探索羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵宿主脾脏组织中引发的免疫应答途径。首先利用羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌(HN01菌株)感染小鼠,建立羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染的动物模型;之后利用转录组测序技术获得感染小鼠与正常小鼠的脾脏转录组数据,并使用COG、KOG、eggNOG、GO、KEGG数据库对测序结果中的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行功能注释与分析,同时对于显著富集到关键免疫通路的差异表达基因使用STRING软件和KEGG mapper进行蛋白互作分析,筛选出核心通路中起关键作用的基因;最后选取关键的10个基因进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。转录组分析结果显示,与正常组相比,感染组中筛选出3 380个差异表达基因(P<0.01,log₂|FoldChange|≥0.5),其中1 691个基因上调,1 689个下调。基因功能富集分析结果表明,感染组脾脏中的差异表达基因主要发挥信号转导的功能,其主要参与的生物途径包括细胞因子与细胞因子受体互作通路、趋化因子信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路。蛋白互作分析筛选出约28个核心差异表达基因,结合实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证后,其中9个基因的表达结果与测序一致,分别是C3、Cd4、Cxcl13、Lck、Gnai1、Grap2、IL-6、Cxcr6及Serping1基因。本研究初步证明了脾脏在抵抗多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵中参与了一系列免疫应答反应,为进一步研究羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌与宿主之间相互作用的分子机制奠定理论基础。     

Deoxynivalenol in chicken feed alters the vaccinal immune response and clinical biochemical serum parameters but not the intestinal and carcass characteristics

This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of deoxynivalenol (DON) feeding either alone or in combination with a microbial feed additive (MFA) on the immune response to a viral vaccine and serum clinical chemical parameters. Forty 1‐day‐old boiler chicks were weighed and randomly divided into four groups, 10 birds in each group: (i) control group fed with basal diet; (ii) DON group fed with basal diet artificially contaminated with 10 mg DON/kg feed; (iii) DON + MFA group fed with basal diet contaminated with 10 mg DON/kg feed and supplemented with 2.5 kg of MFA/ton feed; and (iv) MFA group fed with basal diet supplemented with 2.5 kg of MFA/ton feed. At 35 days of age, birds were slaughtered and blood was collected for investigating the antibody titre against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and clinical chemical parameters. The results showed that DON reduced (p = 0.032) the titre against IBV, decreased (p = 0.005) the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) (4.2 ± 0.5 U/l) compared with control birds (6.4 ± 0.5 U/l), increased (p = 0.002) the serum cholesterol concentration (144 ± 6 mg/dl) compared with their control counterparts (123 ± 5 mg/dl) and increased (p = 0.074) the amount of circulating triglycerides (62.25 ± 7.50 mg/dl) compared with controls (39.55 ± 4.74). These results indicate that dietary DON altered the humoral immune response to viral vaccine and affected the serum clinical biochemistry. However, DON in combination with MFA did not affect serum IBV titre. Taken together, DON in the feed of broilers produced an impairment of the success of IBV vaccine and affected the health of birds.     

Tumour necrosis factor stimulated gene 6 intrinsically regulates PD-L1 expressions in breast cancer cells,leading to modulation of tumour microenvironment

Recent studies have shown that tumour cells express tumour necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6) and its protein, which is known to play a key role in regulating excessive immune responses and proliferation and growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It has not been confirmed whether the inhibition of TSG-6 for tumour cells can suppress tumour cell growth and regulate the activation of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). TSG-6-specific small interfering RNA was transfected into canine and human breast cancer cells (CIPp, CIPm and BT-20). TSG-6-down-regulated (siTSG-6) cells showed decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Decreased mRNA expressions of NF-κB, STAT3 and Sox2, confirming that TSG-6 is an upper factor governing tumour growth and metastasis. Notably, siTSG-6 cells showed significantly decreased expression levels of CD44 and PD-L1. Direct and indirect co-culture of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) and the siTSG-6 cells showed significant activation in M1 type macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. They also showed a tendency to decrease in the expression of CTLA-4 and increase in the expression of PD-1. In conclusion, this study suggests that the down-regulation of TSG-6 in breast cancer cells could not only suppress tumour growth and metastasis, and but also regulate TME. Since modulation of immune checkpoint proteins occurs in both tumour cells and immune cells, inhibiting TSG-6 and its protein within the TME could be novel therapeutic target for anticancer treatment.     

Distribution Network Structure Planning Based on Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm

Distribution Network Structure planning is a complex combinatorial optimization problem,which is difficult to solve properly by using traditional optimization methods.In order to solve this problem,Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm is introduced to the distribution network optimal planning. Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm draws into the immune diversity and antibody's density mechanism to maintain the individual's diversity and remains evolution algorithm's global stochastic searching ability,so it can promote diversity and the whole optimal-searching ability of genetic algorithm.The optimal module takes the minimum annual cost as its object,and the capacity and voltage drop of feeder and the radiation of distribution network as its restrictions.According to the require of radiation of distribution network,the spanning tree of the alternative network is taken as the initial solution to speed up the calculation.And the branch-exchange method is used in designing crossover operator and mutation operator to avoid the radiation checking and enhance the optimizing ability.This algorithm has been illustrated effectively by examples,at the same time,the calculation example demonstrates that,the algorithm has higher calculation speed than the traditional immune genetic algorithm.     

灌区评估指标的选取及灰关联分析

该文探讨了灌区评估指标体系的建立方法,对评估指标的选取与预处理进行了系统分析,并尝试应用灰色系统理论中的灰关联度分析法,对灌区评估指标进行关联分析,从而很方便地进行灌区之间的评估、排队及比较,与传统的强制打分法相比,此法简便易行,无需预先建立评判标准,因此是一种新的评估分析法。