大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响

将500只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为5组,即分别饲喂添加80、120和200g/kg大豆活性肽的日粮、添加抗生素的日粮和基础日粮。在28、49日龄取材,采用组织切片及组织化学染色方法检测肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、盲肠的绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值、杯状细胞数量,观察大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响,进而研究大豆活性肽对肉鸡消化能力的作用。结果表明:日粮中添加80￣120g/kg的大豆活性肽能够提高肉鸡生长初期的肠道杯状细胞数量,增加肉鸡肠道绒毛长度/隐窝深度比值。     

低能饲粮添加植酸酶对仔猪养分利用率、血清理化指标及生长性能的影响

选用24头长白×荣昌杂交仔猪进行2×2因子的代谢试验,试验设2个有效磷水平(0.36%和0.26%)、2个植酸酶添加水平(0、750FTU/kg),共4个处理组,每个处理组设6个重复仔猪起始均重16.9kg,饲粮DE12.8MJ/kg,试验期2周。结果表明:饲粮添加植酸酶,仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、增重/kgW0.75(GPW)、F/G、增重/代谢能(GPM)、蛋白质物质价值(BV)、净蛋白效率比(PER)、钙消化率(CD)、钙沉积率(CR)、磷消化率(PD)和磷沉积率(PR)分别提高10.6%、7.2%、7.9%、7.7%、11.6%、6.7%、4.3%、4.9%、19.6%(P<0.01)、21.3%(P<0.01),每千克增重的饲粮成本(CPG)降低6.6%;植酸酶对仔猪血清理化指标无显著影响,但血清磷浓度趋于升高,血清钙、血清尿素氮浓度趋于降低。降低饲粮有效磷,ADG、GPW、F/G、GPM、BV、PER、PD和PR分别降低3.8%、3.3%、3.2%、4.6%、9.6%、3.2%、7.7%、6.9%,CD、CR和CPG分别增加11.1%、11.6%、3.0%(P>0.05)。     

青海绵羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省8个品种绵羊的红细胞钾型多态性特征进行了调查研究。结果发现,被检的8个品种绵羊均有高钾(HK)和低钾(LK)两种表型而呈现多态性,其中欧拉羊、藏羊、小尾寒羊以HK型为优势表型,新疆细毛羊、青海细毛羊、青海半细毛羊以LK型为优势表型;绵羊的红细胞钾型没有性别差异;红细胞钾型与生产性状指标间没有显著性关系;在被检的15项血液指标中,除WBC,BK值和EK值差异显著(P<0.01)以外,其他血液指标没有型间差异(P>0.05);不同红细胞钾型绵羊的HB型分布非常相似(P>0.05)。     

Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.     

干热胁迫对紫花苜蓿形态特征及光合色素含量的影响

以6个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,采用盆栽并放入人工气候箱内干热胁迫处理下研究其土壤相对含水量、叶片长度、宽度、相对高度、绝对高度、茎粗等形态特征和类胡萝卜素、叶绿素含量等方面的变化规律。结果表明,随着干热胁迫的加剧,紫花苜蓿土壤相对含水量、叶片长度、叶片宽度、植株茎粗、叶绿素含量整体呈下降趋势,胁迫第12d与第4d相比,土壤相对含水量下降了64.82%,叶片长度下降了23.85%,叶片宽度下降了23.05%,植株茎粗下降了5.96%,叶绿素含量下降了12.70%;而相对株高、绝对株高、类胡萝卜素含量呈整体上升趋势,胁迫第12d与第4d相比,相对株高上升了1.61%,绝对株高上升了0.72%,类胡萝卜素含量上升了14.63%。各干热胁迫处理与其对照相比,干热胁迫对紫花苜蓿土壤相对含水量、株高、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量影响较为显著(P0.05)。     

Concentrations of interleukin-6, -8, -10 and tumour necrosis factor-α in the faeces of dogs with acute diarrhoea

Aim: To compare the concentration of faecal cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in dogs with acute diarrhoea with clinically normal (non-diarrhoeic) dogs.

Methods: A total of 14 dogs presenting with acute diarrhoea, and 25 dogs with no history of gastrointestinal signs in the 2 months prior to enrolment, were recruited from two veterinary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Concentrations of IL-6, -8, -10, and TNF-α were measured in faecal samples using canine-specific ELISA.

Results: The diarrhoeic dogs were diagnosed with or managed for acute gastroenteritis (n?=?6), extra-intestinal neoplasia (n?=?2), parvoviral enteritis (n?=?1), hepatopathy (n?=?1), acute pancreatitis (n?=?1), hypoadrenocorticism (n?=?1), gastric dilatation volvulus (n?=?1) and myelopathy (n?=?1). IL-6 was detectable in the faeces of 10/14 (71%) diarrhoeic and 7/25 (28%) non-diarrhoeic dogs, and median concentrations were 10.8 (min 0.0, max?54.0) and 2.0 (min 0.0, max15.0) pg/mL, respectively (p?=?0.01). IL-8 was detectable in the faeces of all diarrhoeic and 11 non-diarrhoeic dogs, and median concentrations were 149.7 (min 3.72, max?730.1) and 3.4 (min 0.0, max?22.5)?pg/mL, respectively (p?<?0.001). TNF-α was detected in the faeces of two of the diarrhoeic dogs (3.4 and 15.6?pg/mL) and none of the non-diarrhoeic dogs. IL-10 was not detected in the faeces of any dog.

Conclusions: Faecal concentrations of IL-6 and -8 were higher in diarrhoeic compared to non-diarrhoeic dogs, and are therefore potential candidates for non-invasive biomarkers to assess the severity and resolution of acute intestinal disease in dogs. However their correlation with disease progression and severity needs to be further investigated before their full clinical application can be determined.     

饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊生长、消化性能及血清指标的影响

旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊羔羊生长、消化性能和血清指标的影响。本研究采用两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只17日龄体重相近、健康的湖羊羔羊,随机分为高能高蛋白(HE-HP)、高能低蛋白(HE-LP)、低能高蛋白(LE-HP)、低能低蛋白(LE-LP)4组,每组4个重复,每重复4只羊。试验预试期3d,21日龄起所有羔羊断母乳,饲喂代乳粉、补饲开食料。正试期40d。每天记录羔羊采食量,每隔20d晨饲前称重、颈静脉采血测定血清指标;31～40和51～60日龄期间采用全收粪法进行消化试验。结果表明:1)饲粮能量与蛋白水平对羔羊生长性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但羔羊日增重与饲料转化效率均随饲粮能量或蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对羔羊31～40日龄干物质和总能消化率存在显著交互作用(P<0.05),表现为饲喂高能量饲粮时羔羊对饲粮干物质和和总能消化率随蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。3)40日龄羔羊血清葡萄糖含量随能量水平降低而显著降低(P<0.05);60日龄时,降低蛋白质水平显著降低了羔羊血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)、提高了血清生长激素含量(P<0.05),降低饲粮能量水平显著提高了血清尿素氮和三酰甘油含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄羔羊生长性能有显著影响,适当的能量和蛋白水平能够改善羔羊生长和消化性能。