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51.
【目的】了解荸荠开花习性和人工辅助授粉结实特性,为荸荠杂交育种提供参考依据。【方法】以桂蹄2号荸荠为材料,观察荸荠茎及花序生长情况,了解荸荠开花规律和雌雄蕊生长情况,并通过显微观察人工辅助授粉和自然授粉部位,对比荸荠在人工辅助授粉和自然授粉后的结子情况。【结果】同一花茎的花序雌、雄蕊分别在花茎约长37.00和46.90 cm时达到盛期,两者平均高度差为9.84 cm,时间差为28.5 h;上午9:00~11:00是进行人工辅助授粉的最佳时段,授粉雌蕊约7.0 h后迅速萎蔫;通过人工辅助授粉的结子率明显高于自然授粉的结子率,人工辅助授粉的结子率为43.0%,自然授粉的结子率仅为15.5%。【结论】人工辅助授粉可大幅度提高荸荠结子率,且荸荠两性花的特性和雌、雄蕊生长及盛期均存在时间差,是荸荠开展人工辅助授粉的关键因素。 相似文献
52.
Jennifer Anne Davidson Rohan B. E. Kimber 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):99-110
Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take
advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research,
use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and
foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the inter-relationship
between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising
the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may
need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with
no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue
decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne
infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented
fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness
of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support
tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control. 相似文献
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岛礁水域海藻场是近岸海域典型的生态系统,大型海藻分解产生的碎屑是海藻场生态功能的重要基础。为探究大型海藻碎屑对海藻场生态功能潜在规模的贡献,本研究以枸杞岛海藻场孔石莼和舌状蜈蚣藻为对象,通过现场挂袋实验和室内静水沉降测试,分析了两种海藻碎屑的组分、粒径和沉降特征。结果显示,分解过程中舌状蜈蚣藻和孔石莼的碎屑密度均逐渐减小,且各自在不同分解时期无显著差异。舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑中有机C含量和有机N含量对密度变化影响不显著,孔石莼碎屑中有机C含量对密度没有显著影响,而有机N含量对密度有显著影响。孔石莼碎屑的δ13C和δ15N对其密度有显著影响,舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑的密度只受δ13C影响。两种海藻碎屑的密度都受木质素含量的显著影响,受纤维素含量的影响不显著。粒径是两种海藻碎屑沉降速度的决定性要素之一,研究表明,舌状蜈蚣藻大型碎屑(粒径>0.830 mm)、中型碎屑(0.380~0.830 mm)和小型碎屑(0.180~0.380mm)的沉降速度分别为0.016~0.023、0.008~0.015和0.004~0.005 m/s,孔石莼... 相似文献
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宁夏马铃薯脱毒种薯产业的发展现状及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为宁夏自治区马铃薯种薯产业的发展提供理论依据和实践参考,介绍了宁夏马铃薯脱毒种薯产业的发展现状,详细分析了该产业在不断发展的过程中出现的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策措施。 相似文献
59.
莲子脱壳机设计与试验 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
设计了一种实用的高效莲子脱壳机,对传统手工脱壳工艺进行改进,利用高速刀具对莲子外壳进行切割和挤压使其脱壳,同时增加了脱壳切割的刀具数量,使其更适合机械化生产,将莲子按大小进行分类脱亮,使莲子脱壳实现机械化,试验证明该机器技术可行。 相似文献
60.
Population-level impacts of insect herbivory on rare and endangered plants are poorly understood, being frequently suggested but seldom quantified. We compiled 37 studies from the primary literature encompassing 35 rare plant species and at least 63 insect herbivore species, and assessed patterns in the effects of insect herbivores on rare plant populations and vital rates. Only three studies directly quantified effects of insect herbivory on population size or growth rate, with the vast majority instead extrapolating from vital rates to population size. Few studies (eight) studied herbivory experimentally, and feeding guilds other than seed predators have been relatively neglected. Estimates of population-level impacts vary extremely widely, but for many rare plants insect herbivores cause major reductions in survivorship or fecundity or can even drive local extinctions. Four studies documented positive (plant-) density dependence in insect attack, suggesting that herbivores may have a stabilizing influence on plant populations and thus may play a role in regulating rare plant population size. Most reported herbivores of rare plants are oligophagous or polyphagous, but monophagous herbivores of rare plants do exist, and there was no detectable difference in impact among specialization classes. Attack on rare plants by escaped biocontrol agents can sometimes have significant population-level effects, but such cases appear uncommon. Because insect herbivory can strongly suppress rare plant populations or vital rates, we need to know much more about what ecological and evolutionary factors determine the population-level impacts of insect herbivores. We suggest several ways in which the results of such research could inform conservation practices for rare plant species – for example, the possibility of different management regimes for plants under attack by monophagous, oligophagous, and polyphagous herbivores. 相似文献