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261.
Tomato fruits at the green mature stage were inoculated with a mixed sporangial suspension of A1 and A2 isolates ofPhytophthora infestans. Other fruits were inoculated with either A1 or A2 sporangia. Seeds were extracted from the blighted fruits and sown in soil or on agar media to test for the transmission of
late blight to the emerging seedlings. Only 23 (0.09%) of approximately 25,000 seedlings developed symptoms. All blighted
seedlings originated from fruits inoculated with mixed A1 + A2 sporangia. Isolates ofP. infestans recovered from the emerging blighted seedlings were seemingly of oosporic origin, as they differed phenotypically (mating
type, virulence, sensitivity to metalaxyl) from the parent isolates used to inoculate the fruits. The results suggest that
transmission ofP. infestans might occur by seeds extracted from fruits carrying oospores and less probably by seeds extracted from fruits having no oospores.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting April 30, 2004. 相似文献
262.
M.C. Hare D.W. Parry M.D. Baker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(9):859-866
The distribution of seeds by weight for three lots of winter wheat cv. Avalon infected by Fusarium culmorum and three lots of winter wheat cv. Riband infected by Microdochium nivale was determined. The distribution of infected seeds within each seed lot was then determined by isolating F. culmorum from seeds on moist filter paper and M. nivale from seeds on potato dextrose agar. The distribution of M. nivale infected seeds between seeds of different weight was similar to that of the seed lot as a whole, whereas the distribution of F. culmorum was greater in light seeds than heavy seeds. The percentage germination of infected seeds decreased with seed weight. A similar situation was found with respect to seedling emergence in compost for F. culmorum infected seeds. However, with M. nivale infection, similar numbers of seedlings emerged from both light and heavy infected seeds. Seed treatment with guazatine increased seedling emergence for both light and heavy seed infected by M. nivale. However, seedling emergence from F. culmorum infected seed was poor even following treatment with guazatine. Poor emergence was most evident from light seed. 相似文献
263.
Following seed treatment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with 14C-labelled triticonazole at a dose of 1·8 g kg-1 seed, the uptake of radioactivity by shoots and roots was investigated from the two- to three-leaf stage up to the beginning of the booting phase, 80 days after sowing. Triticonazole equivalents taken up by wheat plants reached 5·7% and 14·6% of the applied dose in the shoots and the roots, respectively. Between the two- to three-leaf stage and the beginning of the booting phase, the concentration of triticonazole equivalents in the shoots decreased from 2·5 to 0·15 μg g-1 fresh weight. This was attributed to uptake of triticonazole by roots not keeping pace with shoot growth and increased retention in the roots of triticonazole taken up. The main factor limiting the uptake of triticonazole by the roots may be the rapid growth of the uptake-active apical root parts out of the dressing zone which had formed in the soil. Distribution of triticonazole equivalents taken up by the main shoot showed a decreasing concentration gradient from the oldest to the youngest leaf. An increase in the seed treatment dose was investigated as a way to increase the concentration of triticonazole in the shoots, but its influence remained limited. © 1998 SCI 相似文献
264.
BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ~2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ~2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
265.
盐碱胁迫对野生大豆种子萌发的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(4):104-108
目的 探讨不同盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发的影响,为优质野生大豆种质资源的开发利用提供参考。方法 分别利用NaCl溶液(20、40、80、120 mmol/L)、Na2SO4溶液(10、20、30、40 mmol/L)、Na2CO3溶液(20、40、60、120 mmol/L)对野生大豆种子进行盐碱胁迫处理,以不做盐碱胁迫的处理为对照组(CK)。每种溶液每个浓度设置3个重复,每个重复50粒种子。测定并比较3种溶液处理下野生大豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、相对伤害率,以及幼苗的根长、苗长。结果 用NaCl溶液处理野生大豆种子时,80 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随NaCl浓度增加而降低,80、120 mmol/L处理组根长、苗长显著(P<0.05)低于20、40 mmol/L处理组。用Na2SO4溶液处理野生大豆种子时,30 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随Na2SO4浓度增加而降低,10 mmol/L处理组野生大豆的根长及苗长最长,与CK差异不显著(P>0.05)。用Na2CO3溶液处理野生大豆种子时,随Na2CO3浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈逐渐降低趋势,相对伤害率呈逐渐升高趋势;120 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均为0,相对伤害率为100%;20 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与CK差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论 低浓度盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发指标影响较小,弱碱、中性盐在一定浓度内可以促进其萌发;不同浓度盐碱胁迫均对野生大豆幼苗生长性状有影响,浓度越高,伤害越大。 相似文献
266.
267.
摘要:为了解江苏沿海地区羊角椒对盐碱环境的耐胁迫能力,以2种羊角椒品种(盐东羊5号、盐东 羊13号)为试材,采用不同浓度的Na2CO3溶液(0、5、10、20、30、40 mmol/L)对羊角椒种子进行盐 碱胁迫,分析其萌发性状,并运用隶属函数法对不同羊角椒品种的耐盐碱性进行综合评价。结果表明: 在不同浓度Na2CO3的胁迫下,发芽指标(除盐东羊13号的发芽指数外)和生长指标均随浓度的增加呈现 先上升后下降的趋势。在Na2CO3浓度为5 mmol/L时,2个品种的发芽势和活力指数等发芽指标均较对照 增加,胚根长、胚芽长和鲜质量等生长指标也较对照有所提高;而Na2CO3浓度≥20 mmol/L时,2个品 种的各项发芽指标较对照均出现下降趋势,相对盐害率则大幅度提升,生长指标等性状也有所降低,与 Na2CO3浓度呈负相关变化,根长抑制率、芽长抑制率和鲜质量抑制率较对照均极显著升高。采用隶属函 数法对各项指标进行综合分析可得,低盐碱条件下盐东羊5号品种的耐盐碱性较好,适宜范围内的高盐 碱条件下则是盐东羊13号品种表现更好。 相似文献
268.
对农业执法案件中缴获的未知粉末进行分析研究。应用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC-TOF-HRMS)获得未知物分子离子峰的精确质量数、天然同位素信息,二级特征碎片的精确质荷比,并应用SCIEX PeakView及MasterView软件进行分析。经过靶向及非靶向筛查,同时参考文献报道,推导出未知粉末中的疑似化合物。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-PDA)法及UPLC-TOF-HRMS法进行了双重确证。结果显示该未知粉末中含克仑特罗(16 g?kg-1)及其合成前体克仑特罗杂质B(455 g?kg-1)。本文详述的分析技术可为未知添加物的筛查和确证提供思路和技术参考。 相似文献
269.
Di ZENG Tinghao JIN Yuhao ZHAO Chuan YAN Zhibin ZHANG Ping DING 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(1):109-119
Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems. 相似文献
270.
Hui YAO Yanpei BAI Yuan CHEN Haochun CHEN Wanji YANG Xiangdong RUAN Zuofu XIANG 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(1):120-127
Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5–130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings. 相似文献