PEG与低温对法国百里香种子萌发的影响

以法国百里香(Thymus vulgaris)为材料,研究了PEG模拟干旱胁迫和低温对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,旨在探索进口百里香种子播种育苗的适宜条件。结果表明,温度、干旱及其互作对法国百里香种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著影响。0~10% PEG-6000水分条件下,8~24 ℃下法国百里香种子均能良好萌发,其中在10~12 ℃时发芽率最高,达79.3%,显著高于其余各处理(P<0.05)。当PEG-6000达15%时显著抑制其萌发,至30% PEG-6000时仅在22~24 ℃下少量萌发。萌发后,当温度为22~24 ℃,根长、茎长均显著高于其他处理。种子和幼苗生长均表现出对PEG模拟干旱胁迫和低温不同的响应。     

Effect of feeding Aspergillus awamori and canola seed on the growth performance and muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chicken

The aim of this study was to examine effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori and feeding canola seed on the growth and fatty acid profile in broilers. Twenty‐eight chicks (15 days old) were assigned to the following groups: (1) control, fed a basal diet; (2) awamori, fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.05% A. awamori; (3) canola, fed a diet containing 5% canola seed; and (4) canola + awamori, fed the canola diet supplemented with A. awamori (seven birds/group). Body weight gain was increased by A. awamori but not influenced by canola seed. Breast muscle weight was increased in either awamori or canola groups. Although plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased by feeding A. awamori or canola seed, fat content in the breast muscle were increased, accompanied by decrease in saturated fatty acids and increase in unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and increased α‐tocopherol content in the breast muscle was observed in all experimental groups. In conclusion, these results suggested that feeding canola seed and A. awamori might improve growth performance, and modified muscle fatty acid profile and α‐tocopherol content, suggesting that they may improve meat quality.     

Effects of smoke,ash and heat shock on seed germination of seven species from Central Zagros rangelands in the semi-arid region of Iran

Fire products have been widely identified as germination cues for a number of species from both fire-prone and fire-free ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about the effects of fire products on seed germination of semi-arid rangeland species. We examined the germination of seven dominant species from Central Zagros rangelands in the semi-arid region of Iran under various heat shock (60, 80 and 120 °C), aerosol smoke, ash and control treatments. Our findings showed that fire products could enhance, inhibit or not affect the seed germination of rangeland species in this area. The germination percentage of Astragalus adscendens increased following 60 °C heat treatment in comparison with the control. The germination of Astragalus verus, Bromus tectorum, B. tomentellus and Phlomis olivieri were increased significantly using smoke treatment (P<0.0001). The seed germination of B. tomentellus and B. tectorum was promoted by ash treatment, whereas the other species exhibited no response or were inhibited by fire products. In addition, smoke treatment shortened the overall germination time of B. tectorum. These findings suggest that fire products affect the germination of several species and can serve as potential tools for understanding the vegetation dynamics and restoration of disturbed semi-arid rangelands.     

黄土高原地形对苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响

对产自甘肃环县黄土高原沟壑区阴坡，阳坡、沟谷阶地和塬地4种地形的苜蓿种子产量和质量进行了研究分析，结果表明，地形对种子产量和质量均有显著影响，其中，阴坡种子产量最低，分别为1．86g/株和311．74kg/hm^2，阳坡单株种子产量最高，为6．41g/株，塬地单位种子产量最高，为650．65kg/hm^2，质量最低种子也产自阴坡，其发芽率只有23％，硬实率却高达66％，地形对种子产量构成因素无显著影响，4种地形的种子产量与其构成因素的相关性完全一致，即除千粒重外，种子产量与其他各因素均存在显著正相关，相关性强弱依次为：单株生殖枝数＞每生殖枝荚果数＞每荚粒数＞千粒重，单株生殖枝数对种子产量贡献最大。     

春施多效唑对高羊茅生长及种子生产的影响

早春250，500，750，1000mg/L,100mL/m^2多效唑处理对高羊茅生长及种子生产的研究结果表明，处理延长全生育期8－10d，显著降低植株高度，提高单株茎蘖数和单株成穗数，有效地防止植株倒伏，500mg/L(0.5kg/hm^2)以下处理显著提高种子产量，种子产量的提高主要归因于单株成穗数的显著提高，高浓度处理对种子生产不利，多效唑处理对种子千粒重影响较小。     

粗纤维测定法牧草细胞壁成分损失的研究

测试了１２种牧草的粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量和各自的无氮浸出物含量。牧草细胞壁损失含量与ＮＥＦ含量间呈非常显著正相关，款项人线性回归方程式为：ｙ＝－１６．６６＋０．７９ｘ（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＮＤＦＫ法ＮＦＥ含量与ＮＤＦ间呈非常显著相关（ｒ＝－０．９０１９Ｐ＜０．０１），其线性回归方程式为：ｙ＝５６．２５－０．７２ｘ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＤＦ法ＮＦＥ含量较ＣＦ法ＮＦＥ对照达显著水平（ｔ＝６．７０９＞ｔ０．     

科尔沁草原主要草地植物传播生物学简析

本研究论述了科尔沁草原主要草地植物的传播生物学特性.在141种植物中,44种以种子作为传播体,97种以果实作为传播体;传播体重量< 0.1 mg的植物12种,重量0.1～0.999 9 mg的植物61种,重量1～9.999 9 mg的植物55种,重量10～99.999 9 mg的植物12种,重量100～999.999 9 mg的植物1种;具有典型聚合传播体的植物4种;具有典型多态传播体的植物1种;传播体具附属物的植物66种(占总数的46%),其中19种带冠毛,10种带绢毛或丝毛,15种带芒或刚毛,6种带翅,6种带钩或刺,10种带其他附属物(花柱、花萼、结块和喙等).在124种植物中,11种植物(7种蒿属植物、2种车前、百里香1种和野亚麻1种)种子具有粘液,其种子或果实的干重＜1 mg.已发现23种植物具有明显的植冠种子库(植冠种子库种子达到总结种量的5%).8种植物植冠种子库种子超过结种量的30%,7种植物达到结种量的20%～30%,8种植物少于结种量的20%.具有植冠种子库的植物以菊科(尤其蒿属)、禾本科和藜科植物为多.具有较强或相对较强沙生适应性的植物多数具有植冠种子库.探讨了传播体类型和重量、利于(或阻滞)传播的传播体特征、传播体多态性与传播适应的多面性、延缓传播与植冠种子库等方面的问题.     

Chemically induced sterility in wheat for hybrid seed production

Summary The gametocidal effects of RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 were studied with three rates and times of foliar application on two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Anza and Yecora 70. RH-531 and RH-532 applied at or before booting stage caused rather large reduction in plant height while RH-2956 had a small effect on height. Application of any of the three chemicals on Anza at meiotic stages reduced self-pollination (SP) fertility by 97–99%. If 90% SP fertility reduction is acceptable, the application time could vary from premeiosis to postmeiosis for Anza. Yecora 70 was less sensitive than Anza to gametocide treatments. The lowest SP fertility obtained in Yecora 70 with RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 was by treatment at booting (4 kg/ha), at premeiosis (2 kg/ha), and heading (8 kg/ha), and the corresponding SP fertility reductions were 74, 89, and 71%. Pollen stainability-determined by aceto-carmine, IKI, and Alexander's stains-was not affected by gametocide treatment and was not useful in evaluating sterility induced by these chemicals. For the RH-531-treated Anza and Yecora 70 and the RH-532-treated Anza, more than 94% of the seeds produced by open-pollination on treated plants were from self-or sib-pollination as determined by progeny testing. However, RH-532-treated Yecora 70 and RH-2956-treated Anza and Yecora 70 did result in more crossed seeds, with a maximum of 20% outcrossing. It was believed that spike compactness induced by the chemicals and the related poor flower opening were the major limitations for outcrossing. Artificial pollinations made to the test varieties showed that RH-531 induced both male and female sterility and was undesirable for practical use. RH-532, however, could be applied at the booting stage to avoid severe female sterility, and RH-2956 clearly was the best of the three chemicals, with the female fertility very close to those of the untreated checks of both Anza and Yecora 70. Of the three chemicals, RH-2956 gave the highest percentage of hybrid plants in the progeny of hand-or open-pollinated spikes. Its practical use for hybrid seed production, however, will depend largely on improvement of methods to increase cross pollination in wheat.     

Variation in the storage proteins of peas in relation to sulphur amino-acid content

Summary A cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique has been used to characterise the storage proteins present in pea seeds in order to try and determine the proportions of proteins present which are enriched in sulphur amino-acids. Some of the eight varieties examined were shown to differ in their proportions of the various storage proteins. When the proteins were separated and estimated quantitatively and also characterised by their sub-unit composition, it was shown that cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude protein extracts or of whole globulins did not give the degree of resolution required. The procedures which have to be undertaken in order to obtain this information are considered, and the difficulties of incorporating them into a plant breeding programme discussed.     

Inflorescence and seed production in festuca pratensis var. apennina (2n\t=28)

Summary Plants of tetraploid Festuca pratensis var. apennina (2n=28) collected from Switserland and Northern Italy produced few inflorescences when grown in the field and under glasshouse conditions. The effects of winter and spring treatments upon reproductive growth were investigated and it was concluded that exposure to low winter temperatures and the control of tiller density in the spring were two important factors controlling the production of inflorescences. A procedure for the production of seed is suggested which will allow breeders to obtain efficient multiplication of collected plant material.